Ecosystems and Biodiversity Flashcards
Biotic Factors in Marine ecosystems
- feeding relationships between producers, consumer and decomposers
- predation
- competion (inter/intra-specific)
- Diseases
Abiotic Factors of Marine ecosystems
- temperature
- pH levels
- salintiy
- oxygen concentration
- nutrient avalibilty
- light avalibilty
- turbidity
- exposure to air, wind and sunlight
- carbon dioxide concentration
- wave action
- tides
- currents
- geological features: substrate type and shape of seafloor
limiting factos found at hydrothermal vents
lack of light
acidic pH
extemely high pressure and temperature
Generalist
a type of niche
broader feeding range found in areas of low biodiveristy
- tend to compete for food, resource and space
Specialists
narrow feeding range
found in areas of higher biodiveristy
reduced competition however creates vulnerability
if the food they eat disapers they DIE
1 of each
example of specialized and generalized niche
Specialized:
butterfly fish (live closely with coral)
Generalized:
Tuna (migratory)
the benefits of narrow niches
they reduce overlap and reduces competition
what is the use of a quadrat
used to investiagte the diversity of organisms in a habitat
symbiosis
a long term relationship between two diffrent species that live close
mutualism
-
both benefit
ex: coral and zooxanthealle
coral provides shelter and nutrients and zooxanthellae glucose
commensalism
one species benfits while other is **neither help nor harmed **
ex: Whales and Barnacles
Parasitism
one organism lives in or on and benefits at the expense of the other (host)
ex: fish lice on fish
ectoparasites
live ON
ex: fish and fish lice
endoparasites
live INSIDE
ex: nematodes in fish
facotors that affect #predators in an ecosystem
- avalibilty of food
and the number prey increase so do the predators and vice versa
predators kill and eat their pray
Benefits of Shoaling
- hydrodyanmic efficiency
- confusion effect (predator avoidance)
- Many eyes affect (predator avoidance)
- foragin advantages (find food)
- Reproduce (easier to find mate)
Obligate shoalers
spends all time shaoling
ex: tuna, herring, anchovy
Facultative shoaling
- shoal some time (for reporductive reasons)
Ex: atalantic cod
chemosythesis formula
H2S + CO2 + O2 + H2O -> CH2O + H2SO4
photosynthesis formula
CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2
autotroph vs heterotroph
auto- make there own food
hetero- cannot make its own food
productivity
the rate of production of new biomass through photo/chemo-synthesis per unit volume
factors that affect photosynthesis
temp
concentration of CO2
nutrients
light avalibilty
in the summer nutrients limit photosynthesis and in the winter light avalibilty limits it.
Succession
the gradual process of change in species that occurs in a community structure over time
