Other drugs

Question 1

What kind of drug is carbimazole?

Answer 1

anti-thyroid - it is a pro-drug that is converted to methimazole and prevent thyroid preoxidase from iodination tyrosine molecules on thyroglobulin to form T3 and T4

Question 2

What kind of drug is propyluracil?

Answer 2

anti-thyroid drug - inhibits thyroid peroxidase in thyrooid gand (inhibiting formation of T3 and T4 form thyroglobulin) and tissues it inhibits deiodination of T4 to T3

Question 3

What kind of drug is flurouracil?

Answer 3

anti-cancer treatment which inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) preventing thymine formation and therefore DNA replication

Question 4

What kind of drug is tolterodine?

Answer 4

An anti-muscarinic M2 M3 - blocks parasympathetic activity (M3) in the bladder limiting contraction and release of urine in overactive bladder

Question 5

What kind of drug is oxybutinin?

Answer 5

An anti-muscarinic- blocks parasympathetic activity - used in OAB

Question 6

What kind of drug is atropine?

Answer 6

AN anti-muscarinic (anti-cholinergic) - counteracts parasympathetic activity - can be used for eye dilation or for increasing heart rate (M2)

Question 7

What kind of drug is tiotropium?

Answer 7

Anticholinergic (counteracts parasympathetic activity) - brocnhodilation (use in COPD)
Long acting

Question 8

What kind of drug is tubocurarine?

Answer 8

nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antaoginst, alkaloid causing neuromuscular blockafe

Question 9

What kind of drug is cyclizine?

Answer 9

A H1 histamine antagonist

Question 10

What kind of drug is clonidine?

Answer 10

An alpha 2 agonist - used in hypertension and ADHD

Question 11

What kind of drug is captopril?

Answer 11

ACE inhibitor

Question 12

What kind of drug is methyldopa?

Answer 12

An alpha 2 selective agonist - inhibit sympathetic activity - reduce BP

Question 13

What kind of drug is phenylepherine?

Answer 13

An alpha 1 agonist - treating nasal congestion

Question 14

Function of alpha 1 receptors

Answer 14

sympathetic effects - vasoconstriction/pupil dilation/ glycogenolysis/ urinary sphincter contraction

Question 15

Function of alpha 2 receptors

Answer 15

reduce release of norepinephrine so counteract sympathetic effects

Question 16

Which drugs act on alpha 2?

Answer 16

methyldopa (Centrally) and clonidine

Question 17

Function of beta 1 receptors

Answer 17

increase HR, contractility, AV node firing

Question 18

Function of B2 receptors

Answer 18

broncodilation, vasodilation

Question 19

Function of B3 receptors

Answer 19

bladder relaxation, lipolysis

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is used in the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 20

acetylcholine

Question 21

Process of neuromuscular junction

Answer 21

motor neurone - action potential - sodium influx, calcium influx, acetylcholine exocytosis to synaptic cleft, activated nicotinic receptors on muscle cells, causes sodium influx, causes calcium influx by voltage gated channels, causes calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium moves between gap junctions (syncytium) of muscles activating other muscle cells

Question 22

What kind of drug is hyoscine?

Answer 22

An anti-muscarinic acting centrally to reduce nausea and motion sickness

Question 23

What kind of drug is ipatropium?

Answer 23

An anti-muscarinic - bronchodilator/ or for rhinorrhoea

Short acting

Question 24

What kind of drug is solifenacin?

Answer 24

anti-muscarinic - used for OAB

Question 25

What are the side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 25

ABCDs
A-agitation
B-blurred vision
C- constipation + confusion
D-dry mouth
s-stasis of urine and sweating

Question 26

Give examples of anti-muscarinics

Answer 26

solifenacin/oxybutinin/tolterodine
tiotropium/ipatropium
atropine
hyoscine

Question 27

Give examples of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists

Answer 27

paralysis - atracurium, tubocurarine

rapid intubation - suxamethonium (phase 1 and phase 2 block)