Anti-hypertensives Flashcards
What is the effect of ACEi on the fetus in pregnancy?
renal dyspgenesis, oligohydramnios and skull defects
What blood pressure is considered severe hypertension in pregnancy and what is the first line management?
severe hypertension is >159/109 - these patients require admission and oral labetalol first line
Impact of loop diuretics on K+ and na+?
hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia
What kind of drug is labetalol?
It is a mixed alpha 1 and beta blocker - it causes vasodilation as well as acting on beta heart receptors to reduce heart rate and contractility
What kind of drug is bisoprolol?
A beta 1 blocker - just acts on the heart
What kind of drug is atenolol
a beta 1 selective blocker - just acts on the heart
What kind of drug is propanolol?
non-selective beta blocker
Where is epinephrine produced in the body?
adrenaline is produced by the adrenal medulla by sympathetic stimulation
Where is norepinephrine produced in the body?
adrenal medulla and at the post-synaptic membrane of sympathetic ganglia
Where is ACH produced?
the pre-synaptic membranes of parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia and post-synaptic membranes of parasympathetic ganglia
What kind of drug is metoprolol?
B1 selective antagonist
What kind of drug is tamsulosin?
An alpha 1 antagonist
What kind of drug is duloxetine?
A norepinephrine and serotonin re-uptake inhibitor- lots of norepinephrine is made available for maintaining urethral sphincter and relaxing the bladder (sympathetic effects), minimising stress incontinence
What kind of drug is fluoxetine?
a serotonin re-uptake inhbitor - antidepressant
What is one of the main effects of cocaine and amphetamines?
They block dopamine re-uptake at pre-synaptic membranes, also agonists to alpha 1 and beta 1 - increased heart rate, pupillary dilation and vasoconstriction
