Other conditions Flashcards
What is Sjogren’s syndrome?
Chronic AI inflammatory disease commonly in middle-aged women.
Commonly comes with sicca syndrome (dry mouth) or other systemic symptoms like arthritis, Raynaud phrenomenon etc
What is epididymitis?
Inflammation of epididymis, a/w genitourinary tract infections.
Present with gradual pain onset and swelling of affected scrotum
Positive Prehn sign
What is testicular torsion?
Testis rotated on its vascular pedicle causing ischemia.
Urologic emergency - irreversible damage after 12 hrs of ischemia
What is Spherocytosis?
Inherited disorder that changes shape of RBCs and lowers RBC life
What is opthalmoplegia?
Also called extraocular muscle palsy, paralysis of the extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye.
What is Lamber-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
Autoimmune condition that affects NMJ , inhibiting ACh release.
Presents with muscle weakness (that improves with repetitive stimulation) and autonomic dysfunction e.g. dry eyes, erectile dysfunction
Often paraneoplastic syndrome, commonly from small cell lung cancer
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Symmetrical ascending LMN weakness, arreflexia, sensory impairment. Progressive over a period of 1-2 weeks.
May have preceding infection
Monitor for signs of respiratory insufficiency!
What is myelodysplastic syndrome?
Group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature or become healthy blood cells.
Can cause macrocytic anemia
What is Red Cell aplasia?
Rare disorder that causes anemia secondary to failure of erythropoiesis.
Causes normocytic, normochromic anemia.
What is pancytopenia?
Decrease in number of all 3 cell lines:
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
What is microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA)?
Hallmark of thrombotic microangiopathy.
Anaemia due to physical damage to RBCs after occlusion of arterioles and capillaries due to fibrin deposition or platelet aggregation
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIVC)?
Systemic activation of clotting cascade, platelet consumption and subsequent exhaustion of clotting factors.
Often leads to widespread thrombosis and haemorrhage
a/w trauma, shock, sepsis
What is Haemarthrosis?
Condition of articular bleeding into joint cavity. Can present with pain, swelling and decreased ROM of joint.
Often due to haemophilia or other bleeding disorders
What is Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia? (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)
AD disorder causing abnormal vascular development. May not have capillaries.
Commonly presents with nosebleeds but can also cause acute/chronic GIT bleeding.
What is chilaiditi syndrome?
In CXR, a segment of the intestine is interposed between the liver and diaphragm
Go google the image
Benign condition, can be mistaken for pneumomediastinum leading to needless workup
