Electrolyte/metabolic facts

Question 1

Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 1

Hand Tremors
N/V
muscle Twitching
Confusion
Slow, shallow breathing

Mnemonic TNT CS

Question 2

Symptoms of Respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 2

Hyperpnea
Light-headedness
Syncope
Confusion
Numbness/tingling in extremities
Spasm of muscle
Cramps
Paraesthesia

CCSS HLNP

Question 3

Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 3

Kussmaul breathing
Fatigue
Confusion
N/V
Abdo pain

Question 4

Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 4

Rapid breathing/SOB
Confusion, lethargy
Headache
Tachycardia
Low BP
Cyanosis (severe)

Question 5

Causes of HAGMA?

Answer 5

Ketones (DKA, starvation, alcoholic)
Uremia (Renal failure)
Lactate (shock, metformin, B-agonists, liver disease)
Toxins (Salicylates, methanol etc)

Question 6

Causes of NAGMA?

Answer 6

RTA
Adrenal insufficiency
Diarrhoea
Saline infusion
Small bowel fistula/ileostomy/colostomy

RADSS

Question 7

Cohen and Woods classification for lactic acidosis?

Answer 7

Type A = hypoxic
Type B = non-hypoxic.
B1 = disease states
B2 = a/w drugs & toxins
B3 = a/w inborn errors of metab

B1 = LUKE TIPS FAILURES
- Leukemia, lymphoma
- Thiamine deficiency, infection, pancreatitis, short bowel syndrome
- RF, Liver failure, diabetic failures

B2 = metformin, beta-agonists, isoniazid, cyanide