Other components of the face

Question 1

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 1

The facial nerve

Question 2

What are the bones of the face?

Answer 2

14 bones:

• Vomer
• Mandible
• Nasal x2
• Inferior nasal conchae x2
• Zygomatic x2
• Palatine x2
• Lacrimal x2
• Maxillae x2

Question 3

What are the salivary glands of the face?

Answer 3

1) Parotid x2
2) Sublingual x2
3) Submandibular x2

Question 4

Where are the parotid glands?

Answer 4

Below and in front of the ear canal

Question 5

Where are the sublingual glands?

Answer 5

Underneath the tongue

Question 6

Where are the submandibular glands?

Answer 6

Underneath the mandible (neck)

Question 7

What innervates the sublingual and submandibular glands?

Answer 7

The Chorda Tympani branch of the facial nerve (before it leaves the stylomastoid foramen)

Question 8

What nerve supplies the muscles of FACIAL EXPRESSION?

Answer 8

The FACIAL NERVE (Cranial nerve VII)

Question 9

Describe the pathway of the facial nerve

Answer 9

1) From the brain into the INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS and through the PETROUS PART of the temporal bone
2) Drops INFERIORLY through the skull through the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN

Question 10

Describe the pathway of the facial nerve

Answer 10

1) From the brain into the INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS and through the PETROUS PART of the temporal bone
2) Drops INFERIORLY through the skull through the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN

Question 11

What is the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 11

A HOLE between the styloid process and the mastoid process of the TEMPORAL BONE

Question 12

What happens as the facial nerve passes through the internal auditory meatus?

Answer 12

It gives off 3 branches:
- Greater petrosal nerve

• Nerve to stapedius
• Chorda tympani

Question 13

What is the internal auditory meatus also known as?

Answer 13

The internal acoustic canal

Question 14

What does the greater petrosal nerve do?

Answer 14

Goes to the mucous and lacrimal glands

To give tears

Question 15

What does the chorda tympani do?

Answer 15

• Innervates the sublingual and submandibular glands

- Innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue to allow taste sensation

Question 16

What does the facial nerve do immediately after leaving the stylomastoid foramen?

What happens after this?

Answer 16

Gives off the posterior auricular branch that innervates the occipital part of the occipitofrontalis

The facial nerve then enters the PAROTID GLAND, where it forms the parotid plexus (branches into 5)

Question 17

What does the facial nerve do immediately after leaving the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 17

Gives off the posterior auricular branch that innervates the occipital part of the occipitofrontalis

Question 18

What are the 5 branches that the facial nerve forms in the parotid gland?

How to remember?

Answer 18

1) Temporal (the)
2) Zygomatic (zebra)
3) Buccal (bit)
4) Mandibular (my)
5) Cervical (cat)

Question 19

What muscles does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 19

• Frontalis
• Corrugator supercilli
• Obicularis Occuli

Question 20

What muscles does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 20

• Obicularis Occuli

Question 21

What muscles does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 21

• Zygomaticus
• Buccinator
• Obicularis Oris

Question 22

What muscles does the mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 22

• Mentalis

Question 23

What muscles does the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 23

• Platysma

Question 24

What is the effect of intercranial damage to the facial nerve?

Answer 24

• Reduction in taste and salavation
• Reduction in tears
• Hypersensitve to sound

Question 25

What is the effect of extracranial damage to the facial nerve?

Answer 25

Severe muscle weakness and paralysis

Question 26

What are the causes of intercranial damage?

Answer 26

Tumour

Infection

Question 27

What are the causes of extracranial damage?

Answer 27

Tumour 
Infection
Trauma (eg. lessions/fracture of the temporal bone)
Compression
Inflammation

Of the nerve or the parotid gland