OTHER

Question 1

What is the central dogma?

Answer 1

DNA—*transcribed*—>RNA —-*translated*—-> Protein

Question 2

RNA Synthesis is _____.

Answer 2

transcription

Question 3

Protein synthesis is _____.

Answer 3

translation

Question 4

Gene A and Gene B can be transcribed at different ____, producing different amounts of ____ within the same cell.

Answer 4

rates; RNA

Question 5

_____ is the major control of gene processing.

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

Differences between RNA and DNA.

Answer 6

+ Nucleotide sugar in DNA is a a ribose. + RNA uses uracil of thymine; + RNA is typically ss.

Question 7

Thymine has a ____ group.

Answer 7

methyl (CH3)

Question 8

Ribose is more easily produced from _______, which was abundant in the early environment of Earth.

Answer 8

formaldehyde

Question 9

RNA consists of ___ nucleotides and are joined by ___ bonds at carbon # ___.

Answer 9

4; phosphodiester bond; 3

Question 10

In RNA, phosphodiester bonds connect carbon number ___ in the first nucleotide and then carbon number ___ in the second nucleotide

Answer 10

3; 5

Question 11

The part of the ribose sugar that is different from the deoxyribose sugar used in DNA is pointed to by the arrow ____.

Answer 11

5

Question 12

The part of the ribose sugar where a new ribonucleotide will attach in an RNA molecule is pointed to by arrow __.

Answer 12

4

Question 13

RNA molecules can fold into specific __ shapes.

Answer 13

3D

Question 14

RNA molecules have what type of functions?

Answer 14

catalytic; regulatory; structural

Question 15

Unlike DNA, which typically forms a helical structure, different molecules of RNA can fold into a variety of three-dimensional shapes. This is largely because ________.

Answer 15

RNA is ss

Question 16

Transcription produces an RNA molecule that is _____ to the template strand of DNA.

Answer 16

complementary

Question 17

____ produces an RNA molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA.

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

All the RNA in the cell is made from ___.

Answer 18

transcription

Question 19

The sequence of the _____ strand is equivalent to the RNA products

Answer 19

coding

Question 20

The sequence of the coding strand is equivalent to the ____ products

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

RNA sequencing is dictated by the ___ sequence.

Answer 21

DNA.

Question 22

The number of DNA strands used for transcription?

Answer 22

1

Question 23

The template strand of the DNA is ___ to the RNA strand.

Answer 23

complementary

Question 24

The non-template strand of the DNA gene is sometimes called the ___ strand.

Question 25

You read the RNA strand from __ to ___.

Answer 25

5’; 3’

Question 26

What is involved in or mediates transcription?

Answer 26

RNA Polymerase

Question 27

The growing RNA chain is extended in the __ to __ direction.

Answer 27

5’; 3’

Question 28

The (bottom, top) strand of DNA is used for transcription. The strand is __ to __.

Answer 28

bottom; 3’; 5’

Question 29

The RNA polymerase is responsible for both ____ the DNA helix and catalyzing the formation of the ____ bonds between _____.

Answer 29

unwinding; phosphodiester; nucleotides

Question 30

In the newly synthesized RNA transcript, the RNA is growing from __ to __.

Answer 30

5’; 3’

Question 31

When the newly synthesized RNA transcript is made, and the RNA is growing from five prime to three prime, you can see the incoming _______ added to the __ ____.

Answer 31

ribonucleotide; 3’; OH

Question 32

Imagine that an RNA polymerase is transcribing a segment of DNA that contains the following sequence:

5’-AGTCTAGGCACTGA-3’

3’-TCAGATCCGTGACT-5’

A. If the polymerase is transcribing from this segment of DNA from left to right, which strand (top or bottom) is the template?

B. What will be the sequence of the RNA (be sure to label the 5’ and 3’ ends of your RNA molecule)?

Answer 32

A. 3’ to 5’

B. 5’-AGUCUAGGCACUGA-3’