OTHER Flashcards
What is the central dogma?
DNA—*transcribed*—>RNA —-*translated*—-> Protein
RNA Synthesis is _____.
transcription
Protein synthesis is _____.
translation
Gene A and Gene B can be transcribed at different ____, producing different amounts of ____ within the same cell.
rates; RNA
_____ is the major control of gene processing.
Transcription
Differences between RNA and DNA.
+ Nucleotide sugar in DNA is a a ribose. + RNA uses uracil of thymine; + RNA is typically ss.
Thymine has a ____ group.
methyl (CH3)
Ribose is more easily produced from _______, which was abundant in the early environment of Earth.
formaldehyde
RNA consists of ___ nucleotides and are joined by ___ bonds at carbon # ___.
4; phosphodiester bond; 3
In RNA, phosphodiester bonds connect carbon number ___ in the first nucleotide and then carbon number ___ in the second nucleotide
3; 5
The part of the ribose sugar that is different from the deoxyribose sugar used in DNA is pointed to by the arrow ____.
5
The part of the ribose sugar where a new ribonucleotide will attach in an RNA molecule is pointed to by arrow __.
4
RNA molecules can fold into specific __ shapes.
3D
RNA molecules have what type of functions?
catalytic; regulatory; structural
Unlike DNA, which typically forms a helical structure, different molecules of RNA can fold into a variety of three-dimensional shapes. This is largely because ________.
RNA is ss
Transcription produces an RNA molecule that is _____ to the template strand of DNA.
complementary
____ produces an RNA molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA.
Transcription
All the RNA in the cell is made from ___.
transcription
The sequence of the _____ strand is equivalent to the RNA products
coding
The sequence of the coding strand is equivalent to the ____ products
RNA
RNA sequencing is dictated by the ___ sequence.
DNA.
The number of DNA strands used for transcription?
1
The template strand of the DNA is ___ to the RNA strand.
complementary
The non-template strand of the DNA gene is sometimes called the ___ strand.
You read the RNA strand from __ to ___.
5’; 3’
What is involved in or mediates transcription?
RNA Polymerase
The growing RNA chain is extended in the __ to __ direction.
5’; 3’
The (bottom, top) strand of DNA is used for transcription. The strand is __ to __.
bottom; 3’; 5’
The RNA polymerase is responsible for both ____ the DNA helix and catalyzing the formation of the ____ bonds between _____.
unwinding; phosphodiester; nucleotides
In the newly synthesized RNA transcript, the RNA is growing from __ to __.
5’; 3’
When the newly synthesized RNA transcript is made, and the RNA is growing from five prime to three prime, you can see the incoming _______ added to the __ ____.
ribonucleotide; 3’; OH
Imagine that an RNA polymerase is transcribing a segment of DNA that contains the following sequence:
5’-AGTCTAGGCACTGA-3’
3’-TCAGATCCGTGACT-5’
A. If the polymerase is transcribing from this segment of DNA from left to right, which strand (top or bottom) is the template?
B. What will be the sequence of the RNA (be sure to label the 5’ and 3’ ends of your RNA molecule)?
A. 3’ to 5’
B. 5’-AGUCUAGGCACUGA-3’
