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Block 3 JM version > Other > Flashcards

Other Flashcards

1
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

Ingest and digest bacteria, releases ROS and enzymes

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2
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

Attacks helminths, release peroxidase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonucleases, lipase, plasminogen and major basic protein

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3
Q

Function of basophils

A

Releases heparin for anticoagulation, histamine for vasodilation

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4
Q

Function of monocytes

A

Phagocytosis, APC, cytokine production

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5
Q

Lifespan of neutrophils?

A

3-6 hour lifespan

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6
Q

Neutrophils differentiate from _____ in bone marrow (same as RBCs).

A

Myeloid precursors, takes 7-10 days

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7
Q

How long does it take until myeloid precursors differentiate into neutrophils?

A

7-10 days

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8
Q

Myeloblast

A

Minimally granulated, scant cytoplasm, prominent nucleolus (correlates with ribosomal RNA pumping out tRNA, more primitive)

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9
Q

Promyelocyte

A

Abundant primary granules

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10
Q

Myelocyte

A

Secondary or “specific” granules (for specific pathogens)

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11
Q

List stage progressions of cells maturing.

A

1) Myeloblast
2) Promyelocyte
3) Myelocyte
4) Matured non-dividing cells

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12
Q

IL-3 function/effects

A

IL-3 affects many marrow tissues and provides proliferative and survival signals.

Also stimulates the growth of multiple myeloid cell types, involved in delay type hypersensitivity.

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13
Q

GM-CSF (Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) function

A

GM-CSF promotes proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors and monocytes

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14
Q

G-CSF (Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) function

A

G-CSF stimulates growth of neutrophilic progenitors, acts in synergy with IL-3 on primitive myeloid cells and activates mature neutrophils.

Directs negative feedback regulation.

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15
Q

Clinical use of G-CSF and GM-CSF?

A

Raises neutrophil count and reduce the incidence of sepsis

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16
Q

T and B cells histological appearance?

A

Small (slightly bigger than RBC), mononuclear cells.

Unable to distinguish T cells from B cells by morphology

17
Q

NK and CD8+ T cells histological appearance?

A

Large granular lymphocytes

18
Q

Function of platelets in thrombus formation

A

Form a haemostatic plug and initiate thrombus formation

19
Q

Thrombocytopoiesis

A

Thrombus formation

20
Q

Describe formation of hemostatic plug

A

Collagen receptor on platelets bind to collagen, release substances that attract other platelets, which release clotting agents

21
Q

How do platelets repair microscopic vascular damage that occurs daily?

A

Via VEGF, PDGF and TGF-beta release at sites of vascular injury.

22
Q

Platelets are derived from?

A

Megakaryocyte-erythryoid progenitor (MEP)

23
Q

Endomitosis

A

Keeps dividing and not separating so it becomes large (up to 128N compared to the normal 2N, huge amount of DNA)

24
Q

Platelets also bind to the ____ receptor.

A

TPO receptor (c-Mpl)

25
Q

TPO is produced in the?

A

Produced in the liver and kidney - secreted constitutively

26
Q

Once platelet is bound to the TPO receptor, what happens?

A

Conformational change in the homodimeric receptor stimulates the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase JAK2 which activates the STAT-5 pathway which stimulates proliferation and differentiation of haemopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytic/platelet progenitors

27
Q

Tyrosine kinase JAK2 activates?

A

Activates the STAT-5 pathway

28
Q

Activation of STAT5 pathway stimulates?

A

Proliferation and differentiation of haemopoetic stem cells and megakaryotic/platelet progenitors

29
Q

Platelets bind free TPO and degrade it, but when platelet count is low?

A

Less TPO removed, so more is available to stimulate megakaryocyte production

30
Q

Composition of plasma

A

Mostly water (90%) and soluble clotting factors (fibrinogen; factor 13, von Willebrand factor, factor 8; vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors 2, 7, 9 and 10)

31
Q

Plasma can last how long in storage?

A

1 year at -18 degrees

32
Q

What can plasma test indicate?

A
  • Multiple acquired coagulation factor deficiency
  • Inherited single plasma factor deficiency for which no coagulation factor concentrate exists
  • Liver failure
  • Massive transfusion
  • Thrombotic microangiopathies, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome
33
Q

Group AB plasma is?

A

Universally compatible with all patients

34
Q

Group O plasma is only compatible with?

A

Patients with group O RBCs

35
Q

Cryoprecipitate?

A

This is a distilled version of the plasma clotting factors

36
Q

RH intravenous immunoglobulin is for?

A

Prevention of D antigen alloimmunization

37
Q

Therapeutic effect of RH intravenous immunoglobulin?

A

Therapeutic effect is thought to be caused by antibody feedback with T-cell suppression of the B-cell clone responsible for the formation of anti-D antibody

Block 3 JM version (13 decks)

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