Othello Flashcards
AQA Paper 1 Revision
According to Aristotle, protagonists in tragedy had megalopsychia. What does this mean?
Greatness of soul
What does Aristotle define hamartia as?
An error of judgement (usually caused by hubris)
Define hubris.
Excessive pride or arrogance
What does hamartia refer to?
The fatal flaw of a tragic hero.
Arguably what is Othello hamartia?
Pride/Hubris
According to Aristotle’s version of tragedy, what is Othello’s hamartia?
The trust he places in Iago.
What is peripeteia?
A major change in circumstances, usually involving the protagonist’s reversal from good fortune to bad.
What is anagnorisis?
A recognition of a tragic error of judgement.
Define catharsis.
The release of intense emotions (caused by watching the tragic end to a play) that have been built up in everyday life.
What belief did Elizabethan audiences follow that suggested a hierarchal order?
The Great Chain of Being
What did Queen Elizabeth decree regarding black people?
That they should be exiled from England.
How does Shakespeare open the play?
In-media-res
What is Iago suggesting by referring to Cassio as ‘a great arithmetician ‘that has never set a squadron in the field’? (Act 1:1)
That he is unworthy of his position and not a strong of powerful leader.
‘I follow him to _____ my turn upon him’ (1:1)
serve
‘I am __ what I am’ (1:1)
not
In terms of character, what is notable about the opening of Othello?
The villain takes centre stage instead of the tragic hero.
‘_____! ______! Look to your house, your daughter, and your bags.’ (1:1)
Thieves/thieves
‘Zounds, sir, you’re ______; for shame’ (1:1)
robb’d
‘____ daughter is not for thee.’ (1:1)
My
‘From hence, ____ not your daughter’s minds.’ (1:1)
trust
‘An old ____ ram // is tupping your _____ ewe.’ (1:1)
black / white
Analyse: ‘You’ll have your daughter // covered with a Barbary horse, you’ll have your nephews // neigh to you.’ (1:1)
The racial connotations are clear with the animalistic imagery used to mock Othello and Desdemona by linking Brabantio’s future children to horses.
‘the Moor are now making ___ ____ with two backs’ (1:1)
the beast
What is the double meaning of ‘You are a senator’ (1:1)
Senator actually means centaur. Once again the horse metaphor is used to mock Brabantio because his daughter is sleeping with Othello.
What racial stereotype is explored in ‘Is there not charms // By which property of youth and maidhood // May be abus’d?’ (1:1)
It is the suggestion that Othello has engaged with dark magic, a common belief existed in Elizabethan times that black people had access to such dark powers.
How does ‘My services which I have done the signiory // Shall out-tongue his complaints’ (1:2) present Othello?
As confident and prideful.
‘I love thee _____ Desdemona’ (1:2)
gentle
How is Othello presented in ‘Keep up your bright swords’ and ‘you shall more command with years’?
As respectful and commanding. Very different to what the audience might expect due to their racial prejudice and Iago’s introduction.
‘thou hast ______ her’ (1:2)
enchanted
‘to the sooty bosom // Of such a _____ as thou’ (1:2)
thing
‘practis’d on her with foul _______’ (1:2)
charms
Finish the quotation: ‘I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a ______ and a ____ of England too.’ (Queen Elizabeth)
king
Analyse: ‘twas strange, ‘twas passing strange // ‘twas pitiful, ‘twas wondrous pitiful.’ (1:3)
The parallel phrasing of Othello’s speech shows him to be a good orator, again challenging the beliefs of those about his rank and status and even his own self-deprecating nature as he states that he is ‘rude…in speech.’ (though this could just be him being clever and presenting as humble).
‘I ____ his daughter’ (1:3)
won
Why does Desdemona have a divided duty?
Because she is married and now under the patriarchal system, she must answer to both her husband and her father.
What does ‘To mourn mischief that is past and gone // Is the next way to draw new mischief on’ (1:3) allude to?
It alludes to Iago and the grudge he holds which will cause such destruction.
How does ‘if thou hast eyes to see: // She has deceiv’d her father and may thee’ influence Othello later? (1:3)
It spurs his jealousy. Othello is a great believer in the patriarchal system. Her ‘betrayal’ of her father leads Othello to comment on her ‘liberal’ nature and be so open to believing she could betray him too.
‘If thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a ____.’ (1:3)
sport
‘Put _____ enough in your purse.’ (1:3)
money
‘Thus do I ever make my ____ my purse’ (1:3)
fool
‘Cassio’s a ______ man’ (1:3)
proper
‘The moor is of a ____ and ____ nature’ (1:3)
free / open
Analyse: ‘And will as tenderly be led by the nose // As asses are’ (1:3)
Iago once more returns to the theme of horses for his racial comments. Clearly, despite his discussion of Othello and Emilia, his inherent prejudice is a clearly motivating factor.
What does Cassio’s introduction as ‘look[ing] sadly // and pray[ing] for the Moor [to] be safe’ (2:1) achieve?
It reveals Cassio’s loyalty, furthering the tragedy that he chooses to believe Iago.
Analyse the difference between Desdemona ‘Our great captain’s captain’ and Emilia who ‘has no speech’ in 2.1.
The juxtaposition shows the differing status of the women due to their class. However, both end up with the same fate showing their similarity too.
Interesting, both women exhibit agency in their play and are killed for it, regardless of class.
‘If I were now to die // Twere now to be most ______’ (2:1)
happy
‘If after every tempest come such calms // May the winds blow till they have waken’d _____’ (2:1)
death
Analyse: ‘If she had been blest she would never have loved the Moor’ (2:1)
He demeans Desdemona who seems to be held in such high regard by all others. She has lost value due to her decision to wed Othello.
‘The Moor…is of a constant _____, ____ nature’ (2:1)
loving / noble
In 2.1 what reason does Iago give for loving Desdemona?
Because she feeds his revenge. He thinks Othello has slept with Emilia and so loves her too in order to be vengeful.
‘nothing can or shall content my soul // until I am _____ with him’ (2:1)
even’d
‘jealousy so strong // That _______ cannot cure.’ (2:1)
judgement
‘And practising upon his peace and quiet // Even to ______-‘ (2:1)
Madness
Why is Iago so frequently referred to as ‘most honest’? (2:3 and elesewhere)
To add a sense of dramatic irony and frustration. We are reminded constantly of Iago’s duplicitous nature.
What is interesting about Othello stating ‘For Christian shame, put by this barbarous brawl’? (2:3)
Their is an irony to it. The Christian’s are acting dishonourably throughout the play and here. Yet Othello (the barbarian they judge) is the noble and honourable man - at the beginning at least.
Analyse: ‘but lift this arm, the best of you // shall sink in my rebuke’. (2:3)
It shows the power and strength of Othello and how well thought of he is for his command to be obeyed. Thus making his downfall more tragic.
‘This tongue cut from my mouth // Than it should do _______ to Michael Cassio’ (2:3)
offence
Analyse: ‘Our general’s wife is not the general.’ (2:3)
It is mockery, implying that Othello is weak because he is now under the influence of a woman.