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Sapol Phase 1 > OSTT Summative > Flashcards

OSTT Summative Flashcards

1
Q

SAPOL OPERATIONAL SAFETY PHILOSOPHY:

A

“South Australia Police aim to safely manage all police operations”

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2
Q

SAPOL OPERATIONAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES:

A

P: PLAN (determines the objective and develops a plan)
S: SAFETY (the safety of the victims, the public, police and offenders is the paramount consideration)
T: TAKE CHARGE (effective command and control must be exercised)
A: APPRECIATIONS (the situation must be appraised and the safest plan selected. Mission, Identify factors, determine courses of action, assess risk and confirm course)
R: RISK ASSESSMENT (the potential danger to those present must be continuously assessed)
B: BRIEFINGS (All personnel will be properly briefed and clearly directed: SMEAC)
C: CORDON AND CONTAINMENT (Unless impractical, a cordon and containment approach is to be adopted)
R: REDUCE CONFRONTATION (Where possible a violent confrontation is to be avoided)
A: AVOID FORCE (Where possible use of force is to be avoided)
R: RESOURCES (Additional resources and more time may be required)

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3
Q

FOUR STANDARD RESTRAINT HOLDS:

A
  • Figure four leg lock
  • Shoulder Lock
  • Wrist Lock (based elbow AND pressure to knuckles)
  • Straight arm Lock (based and secure wrist AND pressure to natural flexion of elbow)
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4
Q

JUSTIFICATION FOR SEARCHING: ICED

A

I: Items on the detainee that may cause injury or harm to the detainee or others.

C: Circumstances of the arrest or detention, the serious nature or gravity of the offences that the detainee has been arrested for.

E: Escape or property damage – items that may be used to effect an escape or damage property whilst in custody.

D: Demeanour – referring to the demeanour of the detainee including any expressed or implied intentions prior or during an arrest.

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5
Q

SEARCHING CONSIDERATIONS:

A
  • SEARCHES SHOULD BE: SYSTEMATIC AND METHODICAL
  • Search in quadrants
  • ASK: “Do you have any items on you that could hurt yourself, others or me”

LOOK: “Make sure you can see where you are touching – Don’t stick your hand where you can’t see it”

TOUCH: Touch and crush
- Remove items

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6
Q

SEARCHING TYPES:

A
  • Safety Search
  • Ordinary Search
  • Comprehensive Search
  • Intimate Search
  • Intrusive Search
  • Intimate and Intrusive Search
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7
Q

The Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA) USE OF FORCE PRINCIPLES:

A

Police should only use force that is reasonable, necessary, proportionate and appropriate to the circumstances.

“Individual police are accountable and responsible for their use of force and must be able to justify their actions at law”

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8
Q

JUSTIFICATIONS FOR HAND CUFFING: SNOT

A

S: Safety of yourself/the other person
N: Nature of the charge
O: Other accompanying circumstances
T: Temper and conduct of the person

What are ‘Other Circumstances?’
-Prevent Escape
-Loss and Destruction of Evidence
-Prevent Damage to vehicle/equipment
-Extended prisoner conveyance

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9
Q

TYPES OF HANDCUFFING:

A
  • Layered to rear
  • Layered to front
  • Speed cuff to rear
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10
Q

WHEN HANDCUFFING:

A
  • DOUBLE LOCK (CARE philosophy)

Be aware of POSITIONAL ASPHYXIA:
o Positional asphyxia is the term used to describe the sudden, and seemingly unexplainable, death of a person shortly after they have been taken into custody.

o The exact cause of death is uncertain but appears to involve a sudden fatal heart irregularity or respiratory arrest. This is brought about by a combination of factors relating to increased oxygen needs and an inability of the body to supply the required oxygen.

o Person usually is lying stomach down when occurs

o TO PREVENT PUT ARRESTED PERSON INTO RECOVERY POSITION

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11
Q

FORMATTING FOR BRIEFS: SMEAC

A

S: Situation (All information)
M: Mission (Simple and succinct)
E: Execution (How the mission will be accomplished)
A: Administration & Logistics (general stuff e.g. supplies)
C: Command & Communication (who is in charge/chain of command, use of radios)

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12
Q

CONSIDERATIONS WHEN CONDUCTING A THREAT ASSESSMENT FOR USE OF FORCE:

A
  • Size Disparity:
    o Age
    o Height
    o Gender
  • Special skills
  • Number of police v offenders
  • Intoxication: drugs or alcohol
  • Intelligence of Offenders: (History/Warnings/mental illness)
  • Proximity to weapon
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13
Q

Baton use

A

USE: means any attempted or actual strike or direct threat to any person, including when a baton is deployed in a defensive technique.
It does not include merely drawing a baton from its holder.

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14
Q

Baton Justification for use

A

A member/PSO may only use their baton for:

  • their protection in self-defence
  • protection of another member/PSO/ Community Constables
  • protection of members of the public
  • containing or preventing serious breaches of the peace
  • arresting a person where its use, other than in a striking fashion, is necessary and appropriate
  • protection from attacking or threatening animals.
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15
Q

List the baton strikes

A
  • OPEN STRAIGHT STRIKE
  • OPEN SUPPORT SIDE STRIKE
  • OPEN STRONG SIDE STRIKE
  • CLOSED STRAIGHT STRIKE
  • CLOSED SUPPORT SIDE STRIKE
  • CLOSED STRONG STRIKE
  • CLOSED TO OPEN STRIKE
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16
Q

How to deploy baton 4 steps

A
  • WARN
  • STRIKE
  • MOVE OFFLINE
  • ASSESS
17
Q

You use a baton what steps should you take to report

A

USE OF FORCE RECORDED (done before end of shift):

A member/PSO must advise their District/LSA O/C (or delegate) as soon as possible and must submit a:
- PD355 Record of use of force (PD355) or use of force notification via Blue Team through their supervisor to their District/LSA O/C (or delegate) before completing the shift when they:
o USE a baton
o LOSE POSSESSION of a baton (even momentarily) in any confrontation
o BELIEVE that the incident at which you drew your baton but did not use it, may be the subject of a POLICE COMPLAINT against police
o encounter problems with or have suggestions about using a baton

18
Q

IMPACT AREAS OF THE BODY: BATON

A
  • CAN USE ON: When using a baton select less vulnerable areas of the body, such as the fleshy parts of the lower leg, upper thigh, buttocks and lower and upper arm.
  • CANT USE ON: A member/PSO must not use a baton against the head or other vital and sensitive parts of the body (EYES, HEAD, THROAT, SPINE AND KNEE CAPS – “BONEY” PARTS)
    Don’t use to break glass
19
Q

OC SPRAY: distances

A

Maximum Distance of Use: 3 metres Do not use closer than: 90cm

20
Q

OC Spray Use (What’s considered using it)

A
  • actually spraying a suspect or spraying in their direction
  • directing a canister at a suspect but not actually spraying
  • spraying an animal
21
Q

OC SPRAY: JUSTIFICATION FOR USE:

A

A member/PSO may only use a defensive spray for:
* their protection in self-defence

  • protection of other embers/PSOs/Community Constables
  • protection of members of the public
  • containing or preventing serious breaches of the peace
  • protection from attacking or threatening animals.
22
Q

When using spray must consider the following:

A
  • AIR CONDITIONERS —when defensive spray is used near air conditioners operating on recycled systems, the airborne spray may be drawn into the system and recirculated throughout other parts of the building.
  • WIND—the strength and direction of the wind may reduce the range or effectiveness of defensive spray. Defensive spray must not be sprayed into the wind, as it will be blown back into the employee’s face. A strong crosswind may also blow the defensive spray onto other police or members of the public.
  • RAIN—rain and fog may cause some reduction in the effect of defensive spray.
  • OFFENDERS WEARING GLASSES OR FULL-FACE HELMETS —these will limit or prevent the amount of defensive spray which contacts the offender’s eyes, nose or mouth and may reduce the effects of the spray.
  • BYSTANDERS—consider the possibility of exposure to bystanders and members of the public who are in the vicinity.
  • POLICE DOGS OR POLICE HORSES —do not use defensive spray in the vicinity of police dogs or police horses.
  • CAUSE DANGER OR INJURY—avoid the use of defensive spray in areas where its use could reasonably be foreseen to cause a panic. Do not use defensive spray to create a situation whereby a person who is temporarily blinded would or could move into an area which may cause severe injury such as walking into the path of oncoming traffic or walking off an elevated area such as a roof or bridge. Do not use defensive spray in crowded areas such as discos, shopping centres and the like.
  • PUNISHMENT OR INTERROGATION—defensive spray is not to be used for any unauthorised or unlawful purpose, such as a means of punishment or interrogation.
  • PASSIVE PERSONS—defensive sprays must not be used against any persons who offer passive resistance, such as hanging limp or simply refusing to comply with instructions (including prisoners in cage cars passively refusing to get out), moving passive prisoners from cell to cell or against any passive demonstrators.
23
Q

OC Spray DECONTAMINATION:

A

Move to fresh air, wash with water and do not rub eyes. When a person shows extraordinary effects from the spray, the member/PSO must give first aid or arrange medical attention.
- Control
- Instructions
- Removal
- Reassurance
- Decontaminate
- Observe

24
Q

USE OF FORCE RECORDED (done before end of shift): OC SPAY

A
  • When a member/PSO uses a defensive spray they must advise their District/LSA O/C (or delegate) as soon as possible and must submit a:
    o PD355 or use of force notification via Blue Team through their supervisor to the O/C before completing the shift.
  • Where a bystander or witness is affected when a defensive spray is used:
    o record their details on the PD355 or use of force notification via Blue Team.
25
Q

ICCS 10 FUNCTIONS MODEL

A
  • COMMAND AND CONTROL - Take control of the response to the emergency (including the appointment of an incident controller and the management structure)

*SAFETY - Ensure a safe working environment and safe systems of work.

*COMMUNICATION - Ensure effective liaison, communication and cooperation with all involved.

  • INTELLIGENCE -Continually assess the situation, identify risks and share information with all involved

*PLANNING - develop and share plans (for example an incident action plan) and strategies that meet the requirements of all agencies responding to the emergency.

  • OPERATIONS - Implement and monitor an Incident action plan.
  • LOGISTICS - Ensure the effective allocation and use of available resources.
  • PUBLIC INFORMATION - Ensure the public is adequately informed and warned so as to enhance community resilience.
  • INVESTIGATION -facilitate the investigation of the emergency and review of response activities.

RECOVERY - Ensure transition from response to recovery, including the coordinated handover to the state recovery arrangements

26
Q

Self defence strikes

A

Straight strike
Open palm strike
Hammer fist strike
Vertical Knee strike
Angular Knee strike
Push kick

27
Q

Firearm purpose

A

PURPOSE: A member/PSO is issued with a firearm to:
* effectively protect human life; and
* lawfully destroy animals

Using a firearm is a use of force and should be considered as only one of the tactical options available when applying the operational safety philosophy and principles.

28
Q

FIREARM - JUSTIFICATION FOR USE

A

A member/PSO may only use a firearm, which includes sighting or levelling it:

  • when they believe on reasonable grounds it is necessary to protect life or prevent serious injury and they are satisfied no other means are available; or
  • to lawfully destroy animals.
29
Q

HIGH RISK SITUATION -Definition

A

An incident will be classified a high risk situation when there is a reasonable belief that the behaviour of a suspect or the circumstances would place the life of employees or members of the public in jeopardy or expose them to serious bodily harm.

One or more of the following may be used to determine when an incident is a high risk situation:

 SERIOUSNESS OF THE OFFENCE

 EXPRESSED INTENTION by suspect(s) to USE ETHAL FORCE

 reasonable grounds to believe that the suspect:
- may use LETHAL FORCE
- has caused or may cause INJURY/DEATH
- has issued THREATS TO KILL or injure any persons

 the suspect:
- has a HISTORY OF VIOLENCE
- has a history of, or is exhibiting signs of MENTAL ILLNESS/PERSONALITY DISORDER associated with violence
- has no recent history of violence but is known to have been violent in the past
- is EXHIBITING VIOLENCE NOW

 involvement of innocent participants, for example dignitaries, hostages or
bystanders.

30
Q

HIGH RISK NOTIFCATIONS

A

Notify
Comcen
STAR
District Commander
Vixon

31
Q

HIGH RISK ENTRY

A

Before conducting any entry to premises the senior patrol member,
prior to and during attendance,
must address all aspects of the operational safety philosophy and principles
and
must weigh up the relative advantages of quickly resolving the situation,
with consideration for the safety of the public and police.
Whenever a member or protective security officer attends at a premises with the intention to gain entry or where entry is a likely result they must:
* apply the operational safety philosophy and principles
* conduct an appreciation/risk assessment
* consider contingencies
* advise the ComCen supervisor of the nature of the enquiry and whether other resources are required
* determine whether the entry will involve low risk/high risk entry.

STAR Group Operations Section is responsible for entries in all high risk situations unless it is not geographically or operationally viable and the circumstances dictate that entry should be gained immediately.

32
Q

ACTIVE ARMED OFFENDER

A

ACTIVE ARMED OFFENDER:
An armed person who
-Has used deadly force on other persons
-Continues to do so
-Has access to additional victims

32
Q
A
33
Q

POST INCIDENT PROCEDURE (5 C’s)

A
  • Check environment
     cuff offender
     recovery position
  • CO1 Check kit
  • CO1 Check self
  • Check your partner
  • Communicate
     Offender down
     Police safe
     SAAS
     Rescue and recovery teams
34
Q

STOP STICK CONSIDERATIONS:

A

Consider the following additional factors:
* LIKELY ROUTE of the vehicle and time to set up the road spikes
* RESIDENTIAL AREAS on the road
* SPACE TO STOP the vehicle after it has passed over the spikes
* OTHER EQUIPMENT/FEATURES AVAILABLE, such as stakes or stobie poles
* WEATHER and TRAFFIC conditions
* STRAIGHT ROAD—put the road spikes on a straight stretch of road not near a bend, crossroads, or obvious escape route
* VOLUME OF TRAFFIC - make sure the risk to other road users is minimised
* WEATHER and LIGHTING —use caution when the road is wet or visibility is impaired
* SPEED OF TARGET VEHICLE —road spikes should not be used to attempt to stop vehicles travelling at more than 150 kilometres per hour
* any RISK that the driver of the target vehicle WILL DRIVE AT MEMBER or the police vehicle, taking into account:
 any known relevant history of the driver’s behaviour on other occasions
 the driving behaviour during the pursuit
 any stated/implied threat or intention
 the driver’s known emotional or mental state
 predisposition of violence towards police

35
Q

COLOUR CODING

A

COLOUR CODING:
WHITE – nominated front of incident scene (most tactical advantage)
BLACK – opposite of white
RED – to the right
GREEN – to the left

36
Q

HIGH RISK VEHICLE STOP: what to communicate

A

Location
Direction of travel
REGO
Vehicle make
Speed of vehicle
How many heads in vehicle
Lands marks near you
Environmental factors/surroundings /escape routes
Reason for stop
High risk vehicle stop
Resources required

Sapol Phase 1 (7 decks)

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