Ostoelogy And Radiology Of The Head And Neck Flashcards
How many bones can be found in the neuro cranium?
8
What are the two different parts of the neurocranium?
The calvaria is the dome like roof of the neurocranium, and has a floor or a cranial base
What does the calcaria mainly consist of?
Flat bones made by membranous ossification
What does the cranial base consist of?
Irregualar bones with flat portions
How many bones can be found in the viserocranium?
Is 14 bones which go together to form the facial skeleton
Name the bones in the viscerocranium?
The nasal bone, the lacrimal bone, the zygomatic bone, the inferior nasal cochae, the maxilla and the manible, also the palatine bone and the vomer
What are the bones of the neurocranium?
The parietal bone, the frontal bone, the occiptal bone, the temporal bones, the spenoid bone and the ethoid bone
What are the main features of the spenoid bone?
Has a body, paired greater and lesser wings, and two pterygoid proccessess, and the body contains the sella turbica, a saddle shaped depression with cojonains.
What are some of the features of the sella turbica?
Is a saddle shaped depressionl, contains the tuberculum sella which forms the anterior wall, the hypopheal fossa, where the pituarity gland is found, and the dorsum sellae that forms the posterior wall of the sella turbica. Also contains the chiasmatic groove, a sulcus that is formed bu the optic chiasm
What does the medial ptyergoid plate do and which bone does it come from?
Supports the posterior opening of the nasal cavity, and is one of the pterygoid proccesses of the spenoid bone
What is the feature of the lateral pterygoid plate?
Site of origin of the medial and lateral pterygoid muslces?
What are the three parts of the ethmoid bone?
The cribiform plate, the perpendicular plate and the ethmoidal labrythin
What are the different parts of the temporal bone?
The squamous, the tympanic the the pteromastoid parts
What are the key features of the pteromastoid part of the temporal bone?
Has a mastoid part with the mastoid proccess, the attachement of the sternocleiodomastoid, contains the mastoid air cells, and the pterous part contains the inner ear
What is the one mobile joint of the skull?
The temporomandibular joint
What is the suture between the frontal and the parietal bones?
The coronal suture
What suture is found between the parietal and occiptal bones?
The lamboid suture
What are the bones that form the squamous suture?
The squamous part of the temporal bone and the pairetal bones
What is the pterion?
Where the temporal, pariteal, frontal and spenoid bones meet the skull
What is the clinical significance of the pterion?
The middle menigeal atery runs underneath the pterion, and can be damaged in trauma to this area, and will cause blood to collect between the dura matter and the skull, and this causes a dangerous increase in intercranial pressure that is known as an extradural haemorrage
What are frontalles?
membrarnous areas of unfused skull that close in the first two years of life
What are the two frontalles and what are the structures that they form in the adult?
The posterior frontalle that froms the lamba in the adult, and the anterior frontalle that forms the bregma in the adult
When may the frontalles be clincally significant?
If sucken may be a sing of dehydration, if bulging may be a sign of raised intrercranial pressure, and enlarged in prematurity and can be compress the brain
What are some of the symptomaic features of a basiliar skull fracture?
Battles sign- bruising over the mastoid proccess
Racoon eyes- brusing around both eyes
Heamotyparium- blood behind the ear drum
CSR rhinorrhea, perhaps with blood
What are some of the complications of a basiliar skull frature?
Mennigeal tears- leakage of CSF
Cranial nerve palsies
Risk of mennigits
What is a jeffersons fracture?
A burst fracture of C1, a combination of a anterior and posterior arch fracture- with a mechanism that often involved axial compresison
What are some if the features of hyperflexion injuries of the cervical spine?
Tend to involve the lower part, and can lead to complications such as crush fractures of the vertebral bodies of rupture of the supraspinous ligament, and rupture of the lower intervertebral discs that can damage C6 and C7
What are some of the features of hyperextension injuries of the cervical spine?
Commonly aggect the upper cervical spines, can result in vertebral fracture and disc prolaspe, and can result in tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament
What are some of the features of a hangmans fracture?
Bilateral fracture of the posterior arch of C2, and is caused by the hyperextension of the neck that can occur in judicial handing, and unstable with a high risk of C2 displacement and spinal cord damage
What are some of the features of osteoarthitis of the cervical spine?
Osteophytes and bony spurs, facet joint hypertrophy, disc herniation, disc space narrowing and scelorosis of the end plates
What can be some of the complications of osteoarthitis of the spine?
The intervertebral formaen can narrow, and this can cause the compression of the spinal nerve at that spinal level
What structure, if fractured, will lead to a CSF rhinoorhea?
The cristal gall, which is a promience on the cribiform plate on the ethmoid bone
What structures travel in the optic canal?
The optic nerve and the opthalmis artery
What structures travel in the superior orbital fissur?
The opthalmis veins, the opthalmic nerves and the sympatheci fribres
What travels through the foramen rotundum?
The maxillary nerves
What travels through the foramen ovale?
Mandibular nerve, and the accessory meningeal artery
What travels through the foramen lacerum?
In life nothing passes through here HAHAHA
What travels through the foramen spinosum?
The middle menigeal atery
What travels through the carotid canal?
The cartoid artery
What travels through the hypoglossal foramen?
The hypoglossal nerve is transmitted to the toungee
What travels through the jugular foramen?
The glosspharyngeala nerve, the vgus nerve, and the internal juglar vein and the sigmoid sinus
What travels through the foramen magnum?
The spinal cord
What travels through the internal acoustic meatus?
The vestibulocohlear nerve and the facial nerve which passes through to the stylomastoid foramen
