Lymph Drainage Of The Head And Neck Flashcards
Why is the lymphatic system needed?
Most of the fluid put in the extracellular spaces is reabsorbed by the cappilleries, however net filtration is not equal to the net reabsoprtion and therefore some plasma proteins leak into the extracellular spaces, and the lymphoid system is designed to deal with this overflow
What are some of the contents of lymph?
Tissue fluid PLUS small proteins, lipids, damaged cells, bacteria, cancer cells
What are the different vessles that lymph fluid flows through?
Tissue fluid - lymphatic capillary- lymphatic vessels(afferent) - lymph nodes- lymphatic vessels (efferent)- lymphatic trunks- lymphatic ducts
What helps to ensure unidirectional flow in the lymphatic system?
Valves- using passive constriction, as they run close to the pulsating aterys
Intrinsic constriction- have smooth muscle cells that constrict as the lymphatic vessels begin to fill
Where is the right lymphatic duct and where does it drain?
The junction of the right internal jugular and the right subclavian veins, and drains the right upper quadrant of the body
Where is the thoraic duct and where does it drain from?
Is found at the left venous angle, between the junction of the left internal jugular and the subclavian veins
What is lymphoedema?
Abnormal collections of protien rich fluid, causing swelling due to a comprimised lymphatic system
What can cause a lymphodema?
Removal or enlargement of the lymph nodes, infections, damage to the lymphatic system for example in cancer treatment, lack of limb movement and congential such as milroy syndrome
What is the difference between odema from lymphodema and heart failure ?
In heart failure you get a pitting odema, however due to the high protein content in lymphodema you get non pitting odema
What are some of the structural features of lymph nodes?
Connetive tissue structures, wiht a tough fibrous outer capulse and reticular connective tissue on the inside
What do lymph nodes do?
Filter foreign particles from the blood and play an important role in the reponse to infection
Why do lymph nodes become palapable in a infection?
As the immune response recurits more inflammatory cells to the lymph nodes
What are the two reasons that there may be for enlarged lymph nodess?
Infection is more common creating tender and mobile lymph nodes
Maligancy- which create hard, matted and non mobile lymph nodes
Where are some of the regions where lymph nodes may be palapble?
Neck- cervical, armpit- axillau, diaphram, spleen, abdominal, pelvic and groin
What can you find the superifical lymph nodes in the neck?
Find in the superfifical cervical fascial
Where can you find the deep lymph nodes?
Deep to the investing layer of cervical fascia
What is waldeyers ring?
A annular collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding the superior pharynx
What makes up waldeyers ring?
The lingual tonsils, the palating tonsiles, and the pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil
Where in the neck can deep cervical lymph nodes be found?
Organised into a vertical chain located in close proximity to the internal jugular vein within the cartoid sheath
What are the supraclavicualr lymph nodes?
Oversee transport of lymph form the thoraic cavity and the abdomen, and the left node involves the abdomen and thorax and virchows node where as the right node is involve dwith the mid section chest, the oseophagus and lungs
What is the most frequently enlarged deep lymph node?
The jugulo digrastic node
