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Pharmacology > Osteoporosis Medications > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Which group of people are prone to develop osteoporosis

A

older women

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2
Q

Pathophysiology of Bone Process

A

-bones are constantly undergoing process of renewal
-osteoclasts break down the old cells, releasing CA in blood stream
-osteoblasts build new ones, removing CA from the bloodstream
W/ Osteoporosis:
-this process gets out of balance and more bone cells are lost than are replaced
-leads to porous bones that are less dense and easy to fracture

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3
Q

Causes of osteoporosis include

A
  • Changes in hormone related to bone metabolism (e.g., estrogen and testosterone).
  • Lack of physical activity.
  • A diet low in calcium and vitamin D.
  • Certain medical conditions or medications (e.g., glucocorticoids).
    -smoking
    -excessive alcohol
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4
Q

Common Signs and Symptoms of osteoporosis

A
  • Loss of height or a hunched posture.
  • Back pain.
  • Fractures (breaks) in the bones, especially the spine, hip, and wrist.
  • A decrease in muscle mass and strength.
  • A decrease in physical function and mobility.
    -Many people with osteoporosis have no signs or symptoms. The first indication for them might be an unexpected fracture.
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5
Q

Osteoporosis is typically diagnosed using what?

A

bone density x-ray test called DEXA

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6
Q

Medication Options for Osteoporosis

A
  1. Bisphosphonates
  2. Estrogen
  3. Raloxifene
  4. Calcitonin
  5. Denosumab
  6. Teriparatide
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7
Q

how does Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis?

A

these slow down the rate at which the body breaks down bone.

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8
Q

how does estrogen treat osteoporosis?

A

it suppresses osteoclast activity

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9
Q

how does raloxifene treat osteoporosis?

A

it mimics the effects of estrogen on the bones

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10
Q

how does calcitonin treat osteoporosis?

A

it regulates calcium balance and slows the rate of bone loss

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11
Q

how does denosumab treat osteoporosis?

A

it is a monoclonal antibody that decreases osteoclasts.

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12
Q

how does teriparatide treat osteoporosis?

A

it is a synthetic form of parathyroid hormone that stimulates new bone production.

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13
Q

which medications end in the suffix -dronate.

A

biphosphonates

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14
Q

Which bisphosphonates should you know?

A
  1. Alendronate
  2. Ibandronate
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15
Q

Bisphosphonates Common Uses

A

-osteoporosis
-Paget disease
-can help prevent and treat osteoporosis caused by long term glucocorticoid therapy

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16
Q

Bisphosphonates Mechanism of Action

A

Bisphosphonates work by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts.

17
Q

When should clients take Bisphosphonates? Why?

A
  • 30 minutes before eating or drinking in the morning.
    -bc they are poorly absorbed
18
Q

How can patients who are taking bisphosphonates prevent ulcers in the esophagus?

A

clients should take these medications with a full glass of water and should stay upright for at least 30 minutes afterward.

19
Q

Biphosphonates affect which electrolyte?

A

it decreases serum calcium levels (hypocalcemia)

20
Q

Which vitamins and minerals should you know?

A
  1. Ergocalciferol
  2. Cholecalciferol
  3. Calcium
21
Q

What are ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol?

A

different versions of Vitamin D

22
Q

ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol common uses

A

-prescribed for diseases associated w/ vitamin D deficiency
-prescribed to clients taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis & for hypoparathyroidism

23
Q

vitamin D deficiency in children is called

A

rickets

24
Q

vitamin D deficiency in adults is called

A

osteomalacia

25
Q

Calcium Common Uses

A

-hypocalcemia
-osteoporosis
-muscle cramps
-calcium carbonate (tums/rolaids) used as antacid to relieve heartburn
-intravenous calcium fro severely deficient patients (makee suree infusion not infiltrated)

26
Q

ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol Mechanism of action

A

-ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) derived from plants that we eat
-cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is what our skin makes when exposed to sunlight
-we need vitamin D in order to absorb calcium in the intestines

27
Q

Calcium Mechanism of Action

A

Calciu, is essential to bone development. Calcium is also critical to the nervous, muscular, and cardiovascular systems.

28
Q

People can develop toxic levels of vitamin D if over consumed bc

A

vitamin D is fat-soluble

29
Q

signs of vitamin D toxicity include

A

nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, weakness, and fatigue.

30
Q

Clients taking calcium should

A

-stay hydrated to reduce risk of kidney stones
-drink of a full glass of water when taking oral calcium to enhance antacid effect

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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