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Pharmacology > Miscellaneous Medications > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthesia Medications include

A

propofol and vecuronium

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2
Q

Central Nervous System & Pain Medications include

A

Anesthesia Medications & Antimigraine Medications

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3
Q

what type of medication is propofol?

A

a short acting intravenous anesthetic

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4
Q

propofol Mechanism of Action

A

works by enhancing GABA activity in the brain

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5
Q

propofol common uses

A

induce anesthesia for procedures and surgeries
It can also sedate mechanically ventilated patients

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6
Q

propofol High Yield Concepts

A
  • CNS depressant that decreases a patient’s respiratory rate and large doses can cause apnea. It also lowers blood pressure.
    -Open vials should be used within six or 12 hours depending on the setting.
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7
Q

what does vecuronium do?

A

temporarily paralyze muscles by blocking acetylcholine receptors in the periphery. They don’t cross the blood-brain barrier, so they have no effect on consciousness or pain sensation.

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8
Q

Vecuronium common uses

A

given before intubation and surgical procedures. Of course, other medications are also needed to produce sedation and pain control.

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9
Q

Vecuronium High Yield Concepts

A

high-risk medication that has tragic consequences

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10
Q

Antimigraine medications include

A

Sumatriptan

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11
Q

Sumatriptan mechanism of action

A

works by activating serotonin receptors (5-HT1B/1D). This causes the intracranial vessels to constrict and become less inflamed

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12
Q

You can recognize all _____ by the suffix -tritpan

A

Triptans

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13
Q

Triptans common uses

A

relieve migraine

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14
Q

Triptans High Yield Concepts

A

-Clients should take sumatriptan at the first signs of a migraine.
-50% of patients will experience chest pressure (not pain) when taking a triptan
-clients with coronary artery disease should avoid these drugs as they sometimes cause coronary vasospasm (

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15
Q

Epoetin alfa Mechanism of Action

A

Erythropoietin is a natural substance your kidneys secrete and stimulate bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Clients with chronic kidney disease don’t produce sufficient amounts of this hormone and become anemic. Epoetin alfa is a synthetic version of erythropoietin

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16
Q

Epoetin alfa common uses

A

for people with chronic kidney disease

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17
Q

Epoetin alfa side effects

A

-hypertension (most common)
-heart failure
-myocardial infarction
-stroke
-accelerates cancer growth

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18
Q

Filgrastim Mechanism of action

A

Many anticancer drugs suppress the production of neutrophils. Filgrastim stimulates the bone marrow to produce more neutrophils, reducing the risk of infection.

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19
Q

Filgrastim side effect

A

bone pain
-a mild analgesic helps to relieve pain

20
Q

Antinausea agents include

A

ondansetron & promethazine

21
Q

ondansetron mechanism of action

A

works by blocking serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in areas of the brain that trigger nausea and vomiting.

22
Q

Ondansetron high yield concepts

A

-usually well tolerated but causes headaches
-comes in oral, IV, and IM formulations.
-important medication for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea
-frequently use it for postoperative nausea.

23
Q

Promethazine side effects

A

-sedation, dry mouth, and orthostatic hypotension.
A rare side effect is extrapyramidal symptoms due to dopamine blockade.
-It’s contraindicated for children under two years old as it can cause severe respiratory depression.

24
Q

You can identify most estrogen and progesterone products by the roots _____ and _____

A

estr and ester

25
Q

What is estradiol?

A

the main estrogen produced by the ovaries.

26
Q

Estradiol common uses

A

relieving symptoms of menopause, preventing osteoporosis, and treating certain cancers.

27
Q

Estrogen products High yield concepts

A

increase the risk of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and blood clots. If a client has breast cancer, estrogen products will accelerate growth.

28
Q

Combination versions of estrogen and progesterone include

A

1) ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone, (2) ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate, and (3) desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol

29
Q

Female sex hormones combination products common uses

A

-contraception
-reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer

30
Q

Female sex hormones combination products High Yield Concepts

A

If a person has breast cancer, however, they will accelerate tumor growth. There is an increased risk of thrombotic events, especially if the person smokes.

31
Q

What is magnesium sulfate used for?

A

to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia during labor

32
Q

magnesium sulfate high yield concepts

A

monitor their respiratory status carefully since magnesium toxicity causes respiratory depression. Another sign of toxicity is a loss of deep tendon reflexes.

33
Q

what is oxytocin use for?

A

to induce labor. It increases the strength, frequency, and length of uterine contractions

34
Q

Oxytocin High Yield Concepts

A

must be administered via a pump and requires special monitoring (i.e., vital signs, contractions, and fetal heart rate).

35
Q

What is sildenafil used for?

A

erectile dysfunction

36
Q

sildenafil mechanism of action

A

It blocks phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) which is an enzyme that causes vessels in the penis to constrict. Blocking this enzyme enables more blood to enter and stay in the penis.

37
Q

what class of drugs does sildenafil belong to and how can you recognize them?

A

Sildenafil belongs to a class of medications called PDE5 inhibitors. You can recognize all four of them by the suffix -afil.

38
Q

Sildenafil High Yield Concepts

A

-can cause a significant drop in blood pressure. This could increase a person’s risk of falls and injury.
-Clients should also avoid taking nitrates (i.e., angina medications) as this can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure.

39
Q

Oxybutynin Mechanism of Action

A

an anticholinergic medication that selectively blocks M3 receptors in the bladder, decreasing contractions and the urge to void.

40
Q

Oxybutynin Common Uses

A

prescribed for overactive bladder

41
Q

Oxybutynin is contraindicated for patients who have

A

uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma and myasthenia gravis

42
Q

Folic Acid common uses

A

-essential for creating blood cells (i.e., RBCs, WBCs, and platelets).
-for pregnant mothers to prevents neural tube birth defects (e.g., spina bifida).

43
Q

Folic Acid High Yield Concepts

A

-Most people have enough folic acid in their diet, but intestinal disorders such as celiac disease can cause poor absorption.
- clients with inadequate nutrition (e.g., sometimes individuals with alcoholism) may not have enough and need supplementation.

44
Q

Ferrous Sulfate (iron) Common Uses

A

-essential for producing red blood cells
-for women with menstrual cycles with a lot of blood loss

45
Q

Ferrous Sulfate High Yield Concepts

A

-Ferrous sulfate is irritating to the stomach and often causes nausea.
-Taking it with food, however, decreases absorption.
-It’s best to take it between meals with a small amount of orange juice since vitamin C increases absorption
-causes constipation
-can turn stool black

46
Q

Potassium Chloride Common Uses

A

Hypokalemia

47
Q

Potassium Chloride High Yield Concepts

A

-Oral potassium is very irritating to the gastrointestinal tract. (Clients should take it with food or a full glass of water).
-Intravenous potassium is very irritating to the veins. (Choose a large vein and dilute potassium by running it with another IV fluid.)
-IV potassium should never be pushed by hand; you should always infuse it with a pump.
-never use bolus

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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