Miscellaneous Medications

Question 1

Anesthesia Medications include

Answer 1

propofol and vecuronium

Question 2

Central Nervous System & Pain Medications include

Answer 2

Anesthesia Medications & Antimigraine Medications

Question 3

what type of medication is propofol?

Answer 3

a short acting intravenous anesthetic

Question 4

propofol Mechanism of Action

Answer 4

works by enhancing GABA activity in the brain

Question 5

propofol common uses

Answer 5

induce anesthesia for procedures and surgeries
It can also sedate mechanically ventilated patients

Question 6

propofol High Yield Concepts

Answer 6

• CNS depressant that decreases a patient’s respiratory rate and large doses can cause apnea. It also lowers blood pressure.
  -Open vials should be used within six or 12 hours depending on the setting.

Question 7

what does vecuronium do?

Answer 7

temporarily paralyze muscles by blocking acetylcholine receptors in the periphery. They don’t cross the blood-brain barrier, so they have no effect on consciousness or pain sensation.

Question 8

Vecuronium common uses

Answer 8

given before intubation and surgical procedures. Of course, other medications are also needed to produce sedation and pain control.

Question 9

Vecuronium High Yield Concepts

Answer 9

high-risk medication that has tragic consequences

Question 10

Antimigraine medications include

Answer 10

Sumatriptan

Question 11

Sumatriptan mechanism of action

Answer 11

works by activating serotonin receptors (5-HT1B/1D). This causes the intracranial vessels to constrict and become less inflamed

Question 12

You can recognize all _____ by the suffix -tritpan

Answer 12

Triptans

Question 13

Triptans common uses

Answer 13

relieve migraine

Question 14

Triptans High Yield Concepts

Answer 14

-Clients should take sumatriptan at the first signs of a migraine.
-50% of patients will experience chest pressure (not pain) when taking a triptan
-clients with coronary artery disease should avoid these drugs as they sometimes cause coronary vasospasm (

Question 15

Epoetin alfa Mechanism of Action

Answer 15

Erythropoietin is a natural substance your kidneys secrete and stimulate bone marrow to make more red blood cells. Clients with chronic kidney disease don’t produce sufficient amounts of this hormone and become anemic. Epoetin alfa is a synthetic version of erythropoietin

Question 16

Epoetin alfa common uses

Answer 16

for people with chronic kidney disease

Question 17

Epoetin alfa side effects

Answer 17

-hypertension (most common)
-heart failure
-myocardial infarction
-stroke
-accelerates cancer growth

Question 18

Filgrastim Mechanism of action

Answer 18

Many anticancer drugs suppress the production of neutrophils. Filgrastim stimulates the bone marrow to produce more neutrophils, reducing the risk of infection.

Question 19

Filgrastim side effect

Answer 19

bone pain
-a mild analgesic helps to relieve pain

Question 20

Antinausea agents include

Answer 20

ondansetron & promethazine

Question 21

ondansetron mechanism of action

Answer 21

works by blocking serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in areas of the brain that trigger nausea and vomiting.

Question 22

Ondansetron high yield concepts

Answer 22

-usually well tolerated but causes headaches
-comes in oral, IV, and IM formulations.
-important medication for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea
-frequently use it for postoperative nausea.

Question 23

Promethazine side effects

Answer 23

-sedation, dry mouth, and orthostatic hypotension.
A rare side effect is extrapyramidal symptoms due to dopamine blockade.
-It’s contraindicated for children under two years old as it can cause severe respiratory depression.

Question 24

You can identify most estrogen and progesterone products by the roots _____ and _____

Answer 24

estr and ester

Question 25

What is estradiol?

Answer 25

the main estrogen produced by the ovaries.

Question 26

Estradiol common uses

Answer 26

relieving symptoms of menopause, preventing osteoporosis, and treating certain cancers.

Question 27

Estrogen products High yield concepts

Answer 27

increase the risk of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and blood clots. If a client has breast cancer, estrogen products will accelerate growth.

Question 28

Combination versions of estrogen and progesterone include

Answer 28

1) ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone, (2) ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate, and (3) desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol

Question 29

Female sex hormones combination products common uses

Answer 29

-contraception -reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer

Question 30

Female sex hormones combination products High Yield Concepts

Answer 30

If a person has breast cancer, however, they will accelerate tumor growth. There is an increased risk of thrombotic events, especially if the person smokes.

Question 31

What is magnesium sulfate used for?

Answer 31

to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia during labor

Question 32

magnesium sulfate high yield concepts

Answer 32

monitor their respiratory status carefully since magnesium toxicity causes respiratory depression. Another sign of toxicity is a loss of deep tendon reflexes.

Question 33

what is oxytocin use for?

Answer 33

to induce labor. It increases the strength, frequency, and length of uterine contractions

Question 34

Oxytocin High Yield Concepts

Answer 34

must be administered via a pump and requires special monitoring (i.e., vital signs, contractions, and fetal heart rate).

Question 35

What is sildenafil used for?

Answer 35

erectile dysfunction

Question 36

sildenafil mechanism of action

Answer 36

It blocks phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) which is an enzyme that causes vessels in the penis to constrict. Blocking this enzyme enables more blood to enter and stay in the penis.

Question 37

what class of drugs does sildenafil belong to and how can you recognize them?

Answer 37

Sildenafil belongs to a class of medications called PDE5 inhibitors. You can recognize all four of them by the suffix -afil.

Question 38

Sildenafil High Yield Concepts

Answer 38

-can cause a significant drop in blood pressure. This could increase a person’s risk of falls and injury. -Clients should also avoid taking nitrates (i.e., angina medications) as this can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure.

Question 39

Oxybutynin Mechanism of Action

Answer 39

an anticholinergic medication that selectively blocks M3 receptors in the bladder, decreasing contractions and the urge to void.

Question 40

Oxybutynin Common Uses

Answer 40

prescribed for overactive bladder

Question 41

Oxybutynin is contraindicated for patients who have

Answer 41

uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma and myasthenia gravis

Question 42

Folic Acid common uses

Answer 42

-essential for creating blood cells (i.e., RBCs, WBCs, and platelets). -for pregnant mothers to prevents neural tube birth defects (e.g., spina bifida).

Question 43

Folic Acid High Yield Concepts

Answer 43

-Most people have enough folic acid in their diet, but intestinal disorders such as celiac disease can cause poor absorption. - clients with inadequate nutrition (e.g., sometimes individuals with alcoholism) may not have enough and need supplementation.

Question 44

Ferrous Sulfate (iron) Common Uses

Answer 44

-essential for producing red blood cells -for women with menstrual cycles with a lot of blood loss

Question 45

Ferrous Sulfate High Yield Concepts

Answer 45

-Ferrous sulfate is irritating to the stomach and often causes nausea. -Taking it with food, however, decreases absorption. -It’s best to take it between meals with a small amount of orange juice since vitamin C increases absorption -causes constipation -can turn stool black

Question 46

Potassium Chloride Common Uses

Answer 46

Hypokalemia

Question 47

Potassium Chloride High Yield Concepts

Answer 47

-Oral potassium is very irritating to the gastrointestinal tract. (Clients should take it with food or a full glass of water). -Intravenous potassium is very irritating to the veins. (Choose a large vein and dilute potassium by running it with another IV fluid.) -IV potassium should never be pushed by hand; you should always infuse it with a pump. -never use bolus