Osteoporosis

Question 1

Bone is a living tissue that does what

Answer 1

Reserve for calcium and phosphate ions

Question 2

What’s crucial in monitoring quality of bone

Answer 2

Remodelling/turnover

Question 3

Cortical bone found where

Answer 3

Shaft of long bones

Question 4

Bone mass drops when

Answer 4

Over 40 or post menopausal

Question 5

DEXA measures what

Answer 5

Bone density
How much mineral is in area measured
Measured in SD
Uses X Ray

Question 6

Osteoporosis is

Answer 6

Systemic skeletal disorder
Low bone mass
Microacrhitetrual deterioration

Risk of fracture

Bone density below 2.5 SD

Question 7

Osteopenia is

Answer 7

Betweeen low end of normal and osteoporosis

1-2.5 SD

Question 8

Fragility fracture

Answer 8

Fracture following fall from standing height or less

Question 9

Who’s in higher risk of osteoporosis

Answer 9

Women in menopause due to increase in menopause

Question 10

Determinants of low bone structure or function

Answer 10

Low B,I
Over 14units or alcohol a week

Smoking

Question 11

Treatment of low bone density

Answer 11

Glucocorticoid

Vit d and calcium homeostasis

Question 12

Low bone structure cause

Answer 12

Age
Gender
White/Asian
Fragility

Question 13

FRAX calculates

Answer 13

Absolute risk of major osteoporotic and hip fracture

Question 14

What can’t be used as low bone density diagnosis

Answer 14

Bone markers in urine or serum

Question 15

Investigations for bone density

Answer 15

DEXA X-ray
MRI

Bone profile

Parathyroid hormone

Renal and liver function test

Question 16

Management

Answer 16

Static, dynamic weight bearing excercise

Calcium in diet

Vitamin d supplements / cholecalciferol

Question 17

Pharmacological treatment osteoporosis

Answer 17

Biphoshonates

Monthly tabs or annual infusions

HRT in young post menopausal women

Question 18

Paget disease is

Answer 18

Localised disorder of bone remodelling

Disorganised mosaic of new bone formation

Question 19

Pagets is common in

Answer 19

Men
Over 55
Bisphonates treatment

Question 20

Hypophosphatasia

Answer 20

Heritable rickets! Subnormal BALP activity

Question 21

Homocysteineuria

Answer 21

Autosomal disorder, Thromboembolism and osteoporosis

Question 22

Metastasis is

Answer 22

Secondary malignancy

Occurs in 80% of patients with breaths or prostate cancer

Question 23

Accelerated bone loss occurs following

Answer 23

Breaths + prostate cancer therapy