Osteopathic Approach to Pediatrics

Question 1

True or false, children do not experience somatic dysfunction?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Compression of jugular foramen may cause dysfunction of what 3 main things in infants?

Answer 2

1. tongue motion - por suck
2. intestinal peristalsis - constipation, GERD, colic
3. SCM/Trapezius - torticollis

Question 3

Dysfunction of which cranial bone affects the most cranial nerves in infants?

Answer 3

Temporal; internally rotated

Question 4

Which cranial nerves should you suspect injury in an infant with poor suckling?

Answer 4

CN XII and CN IX

Question 5

Which cranial nerves should you suspect injury in an infant with reflux, vomiting and colic?

Answer 5

CN X

Question 6

Which cranial nerves should you suspect injury in an infant with colic and muscular dysfunction?

Answer 6

CN XI

Question 7

Which cranial nerves should you suspect injury in an infant with lateral rectus palsy?

Answer 7

CN VI

Question 8

Which cranial nerves should you suspect injury in an infant with facial palsy?

Answer 8

CN VII

Question 9

Which techniques are preferred in infants?

Answer 9

Indirect treatments; BMT, BLT

Question 10

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for an infant with poor suckling?

Answer 10

Suboccipital release or condylar decompression

Question 11

Parasympathetics for abdominal complaint?

Answer 11

Upper GI to the transverse colon = Vagus (OA,AA)
Lower GI to rectum = Pelvic Splanchnic (S2-4)

Question 12

Sympathetics for abdominal complaint?

Answer 12

Upper GI until ligament of treitz = Celiac Ganglion (T5-9)
Middle GI ligament of treitz to splenic flexure = Superior Mesenteric Ganglion (T10-11)
Lower GI splenic flexure to rectum = Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion (T12-L2)

Question 13

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for an infant with GERD?

Answer 13

suboccipital release or celiac ganglion release

Question 14

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for an infant with plagiocephaly?

Answer 14

suboccipital release

Question 15

Answer 15

Plagiocephaly; flat head syndrome; parallelogram head; frequently associated with torticollis; lateral strain

Question 16

Answer 16

Brachycephaly; head is wider than long; back of the head is flat rather than curved; associated with vertical strain or flexion strain

Question 17

Answer 17

Scaphocephaly; head is long and narrow; associated with extension strain

Question 18

Answer 18

B. Spasm of the left SCM

Question 19

Torticollis may be caused by irritation to which cranial nerve?

Answer 19

CN XI

Question 20

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for an infant with torticollis?

Answer 20

thoracic inlet release or suboccipital release

Question 21

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for a child with a URI?

Answer 21

thoracic inlet release or gal breath technique or periauricular drainage (ear circles)

Question 22

What is the most common somatic dysfunction seen in a child with otitis media?

Answer 22

internally rotated temporal bone

Question 23

What are the sympathetics associated with otitis media?

Answer 23

T1-4

Question 24

What dysfunction would you presume in an asthmatic child?

Answer 24

Inhalation dysfunction of ribs 2-10

Question 25

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for a child with a LRI?

Answer 25

rib raising (sympathetics)

Question 26

Where would you expect to find tissue texture changes associated with viscerosomatic reflex in a child with constipation?

Answer 26

T10-L2

Question 27

What is the preferred 2 minute treatment for a child with constipation?

Answer 27

sacral rock (parasympathetic)

Question 28

When a child presents with a complaint, how should you evaluate the joints?

Answer 28

evaluate at least the joints above and below the joint in question

Question 29

Which OMT technique is rarely indicated in pediatric patients?

Answer 29

HVLA