OCMM Cranial Movement and Strains

Question 1

Who is the founder of Cranial Osteopathy?

Answer 1

William Garner Sutherland, DO

Question 2

Primary respiratory mechanism (PRM)

Answer 2

Primary - fundamental life process
Respiratory - breath of life (flows likes a breath)
Mechanism - tissue and fluid move with distinct purpose

Question 3

The five anatomical-physiological elements of PRM

Answer 3

1. inherent motility
2. fluctuation of CSF
3. Mobility of membranes
4. Articular mobility of cranial bones
5. mobility of sacrum interdependent with SBS

Question 4

What are 4 major indication of craniosacral treatment?

Answer 4

1. Stresses
2. After birth
3. Trauma - MVA
4. Denistry

Question 5

Side effects of craniosacral treatment?

Answer 5

headaches, tinnitus or dizziness
may also cause alterations in HR, BP, RR and GI irritability

Question 6

Absolute contraindications to craniosacral treatment?

Answer 6

acute intracranial bleed or CVA and an acute skull fracture

Question 7

Relative contraindications to craniosacral treatment?

Answer 7

Coagulopathy
Seizure hx
increased intracranial pressure

Question 8

Which cells of the CNS are thought to possibly have motility?

Answer 8

glial cells

Question 9

How are the Cranial Rhythmic Impulse (CRI) motions characterized?

Answer 9

RRADS
Rate - 10-14 bpm
Rhythm - regular
Amplitude - diminished/not diminished
Directions - linear and symmetric
Strength

Question 10

What is the usual rate of Cranial Rhythmic Impulse (CRI)?

Answer 10

10-14 bpm

Question 11

What is the usual direction of Cranial Rhythmic Impulse (CRI) in a healthy individual when palpated?

Answer 11

linear and symmetric

Question 12

What are the intracranial membranes?

Answer 12

the 3 contiguous dural folds:
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli

Question 13

Reciprocal Tension Membrane (RTM)

Answer 13

a functional unit that acts as a spring formed by the contiguous dural folds: falx cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli

Question 14

What are the main poles of attachment for the Reciprocal Tension Membrane (RTM)?

Answer 14

Frontal, Sphenoid, Temporal and Occipital bones (not parietal)

Question 15

True or false, is there continuity in fascia from head to toe?

Answer 15

true; it’s all connected

Question 16

What is the physiological motion of the Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis (SBS)?

Answer 16

Flexion and extension

Question 17

Cranial inhalation is equivalent to what motion of the Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis (SBS)?

Answer 17

Flexion

Question 18

Cranial Exhalation is equivalent to what motion of the Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis (SBS)?

Answer 18

ExtensionIn

Question 19

In cranial extension, what is the position of the sacrum?

Answer 19

Sacral base - anteroinferior (Nutation)
Sacral apex - posterior

Question 20

Nutation

Answer 20

nodding of the sacrum base anteriorly; think of the sacrum base nodding towards your nuts (lmao); matched with SBS extension

Question 21

In cranial flexion, what is the position of the sacrum?

Answer 21

Sacral base - posterosuperior (counternutation)
Sacral apex - anterior

Question 22

Counternutation

Answer 22

nodding of the sacrum base posteriorly; think of the sacrum base nodding away from your nuts (lmao); matched with SBS flexion

Question 23

Sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS)

Answer 23

basisphenoid and the basiocciput joined by synchondrosis; HYALINE cartilaginous junction

Question 24

Motion of the midline bones?

Answer 24

flexion and extension over a transverse axis

Question 25

Motion of paired bones?

Answer 25

internal and external rotation

Question 26

Parietal bone physiological motion if the cranium is in flexion?

Answer 26

paired bone; external rotation; cranium widens laterally

Question 27

Parietal bone physiological motion if the cranium is in extension?

Answer 27

paired bone; internal rotation; cranium narrows laterally

Question 28

Pterion

Answer 28

an H-shaped bony neurological landmark found at the junction of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and the squamous part of temporal bone

Question 29

Asterion

Answer 29

an anatomical landmark on the lateral aspect of the skull formed at the junction of the occipital bone, the temporal bone, and the parietal bone

Question 30

Bregma

Answer 30

the point or area of the skull where the sagittal and coronal sutures joining the parietal and frontal bones come together

Question 31

Lambda

Answer 31

midline bony landmark where the lambdoid sutures and sagittal suture meet, between the occipital and two parietal bones

Question 32

Through which foramen does each cranial nerve exit through the cranial vault?

Answer 32

Ethmoid: Superior orbital fissure - CN III, CN IV, CN V1 and CN VI Sphenoid bone: Optic canal - CN II Foramen rotundum - CN V2 Foramen ovale - CN V3 Temporal bone: Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII and CN VIII Occipital bone: Jugular foramen - CN IX, CN X, and CN XI Hypoglossal canal - CN XII

Question 33

Current view on what is causing fluctuation of the CSF?

Answer 33

CSF is produced in choroid plexus and pumped across brain and spinal cord; the cranial rhythmic impulse (CRI) drives the push of CSF expansion

Question 34

Answer 34

Pterion; H-shaped bony neurological landmark found at the junction of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and the squamous part of temporal bone

Question 35

Answer 35

Asterion; anatomical landmark on the lateral aspect of the skull formed at the junction of the occipital bone, the temporal bone, and the parietal bone

Question 36

Answer 36

Bregma; point or area of the skull where the sagittal and coronal sutures joining the parietal and frontal bones come together

Question 37

Answer 37

Lambda; midline bony landmark where the lambdoid sutures and sagittal suture meet, between the occipital and two parietal bones

Question 38

the middle meningeal artery travels through which foramina of the cranium?

Answer 38

foramen spinosum

Question 39

cranial nerves that pass through the ethmoid bone?

Answer 39

Superior orbital fissure - CN III, CN IV, CN V1 and CN VI

Question 40

cranial nerves that pass through the sphenoid bone?

Answer 40

Optic canal - CN II Foramen rotundum - CN V2 Foramen ovale - CN V3

Question 41

cranial nerves that pass though the temporal bone?

Answer 41

Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII and CN VIII

Question 42

cranial nerves that pass through the occipital bone?

Answer 42

Jugular foramen - CN IX, CN X, and CN XI Hypoglossal canal - CN XII