Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis Flashcards
What is septic arthritis?
An orthopedic emergency causing joint infection and destruction.
What joints are most commonly affected by septic arthritis?
Hip and knee joints.
What is the most common pathogen causing septic arthritis?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What is the primary diagnostic method for septic arthritis?
Joint puncture and synovial fluid analysis.
What are risk factors for septic arthritis?
Elderly age, IV drug use, diabetes, and immunosuppression.
What is the primary treatment for septic arthritis?
Surgical intervention and antibiotics.
What is osteomyelitis?
An infection of the bone caused by bacteria or other pathogens.
Which age group is most affected by acute hematogenous osteomyelitis?
Children under five years old.
What is the most common site for osteomyelitis?
The femur.
What is the main cause of osteomyelitis in children?
Hematogenous spread of Staphylococcus aureus.
What is Brodie’s abscess?
A localized form of subacute osteomyelitis.
What is the key pathophysiological feature of osteomyelitis?
Bone necrosis due to blocked blood vessels.
What medical condition is associated with vertebral osteomyelitis in adults?
Diabetes mellitus.
What is a major complication of chronic osteomyelitis?
Formation of draining sinuses (fistulae).
What is a key diagnostic indicator for osteomyelitis?
Elevated ESR (>40 mm/h) and WBC count (>20,000/ml).
What is the typical presentation of septic arthritis in the hip?
Painful internal rotation and flexed posture.
Which pathogens are common in neonatal osteomyelitis?
Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococcus.
What is the consequence of delayed treatment in septic arthritis?
Irreversible joint damage within 8 hours.
