Infections of bones and joints Flashcards
What is osteomyelitis?
A bone infection affecting bone and bone marrow.
What are the two types of osteomyelitis?
Acute and chronic.
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?
Bacterial infection, mainly Staphylococcus aureus.
How does osteomyelitis spread?
Through the bloodstream (hematogenous), direct trauma, or infection spread.
What symptom is common in vertebral osteomyelitis?
Lumbar pain.
What bacteria cause osteomyelitis in neonates?
Streptococcus agalactiae.
What bacteria cause osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?
Salmonella spp.
What is the primary diagnostic method for osteomyelitis?
Bone culture and MRI.
What is septic arthritis?
Joint infection leading to inflammation.
What is the most common cause of septic arthritis?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What bacteria cause septic arthritis in sexually active adults?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
What are the symptoms of septic arthritis?
Swollen, red, painful joint with fever.
What diagnostic test is done for septic arthritis?
Synovial fluid analysis.
What is the main treatment for septic arthritis?
Empiric antibiotics and joint drainage.
What is reactive arthritis?
Arthritis triggered by a previous infection.
What infections commonly trigger reactive arthritis?
GI infections (Salmonella, Shigella) and Chlamydia.
What is Reiter’s syndrome?
Reactive arthritis with conjunctivitis and urethritis.
What is immune complex arthritis?
Inflammation due to immune complexes in joints.
What viruses can cause immune complex arthritis?
Rubella, Parvovirus B19, HCV, HBV.
What is rheumatic fever?
Autoimmune reaction to Streptococcus pyogenes infection.
What is the major risk of rheumatic fever?
Carditis, leading to heart valve damage.
What is the main prevention for rheumatic fever?
Treating strep throat with penicillin.
What is the Jones criteria used for?
Diagnosing rheumatic fever.
What is the treatment for acute osteomyelitis?
Antibiotics like vancomycin or nafcillin.
What is the treatment for chronic osteomyelitis?
Surgical debridement and prolonged antibiotics.
What is the most common joint affected in septic arthritis?
The knee.
What is the main risk factor for prosthetic joint infections?
Surgery with bacterial contamination.
What bacteria commonly infect prosthetic joints?
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes.
Why is MRI used in osteomyelitis diagnosis?
It detects early bone infections.
What are the complications of untreated septic arthritis?
Joint destruction and loss of mobility.
