Fracture Healing & Bone Remodeling & Healing Complications Flashcards
What is the first stage of fracture healing?
Inflammatory phase
What forms at the fracture site during the inflammatory phase?
Hematoma
What is the second stage of fracture healing?
Reparative phase
What forms first in the reparative phase?
Soft callus
What replaces the soft callus?
Hard callus
What is the final stage of fracture healing?
Remodeling phase
What is the function of osteoblasts?
Bone formation
What is the function of osteoclasts?
Bone resorption
What is the function of osteocytes?
Maintain bone matrix
What is the organic component of bone matrix?
Type I collagen
What is the inorganic component of bone matrix?
Minerals (hydroxyapatite)
What are the two types of macroscopic bone?
Cortical and trabecular bone
What is the primary function of cortical bone?
Strength and support
What is the primary function of trabecular bone?
Shock absorption
What type of ossification forms long bones?
Endochondral ossification
What type of ossification forms skull bones?
Intramembranous ossification
What type of fracture does not break the skin?
Simple (closed) fracture
What type of fracture breaks the skin?
Compound (open) fracture
What type of fracture has multiple fragments?
Comminuted fracture
What type of fracture is common in children?
Greenstick fracture
What type of fracture occurs due to repetitive stress?
Stress fracture
What type of fracture is caused by disease?
Pathologic fracture
What is a delayed union?
Fracture healing takes longer than normal
What is non-union?
Fracture fails to heal
What is malunion?
Fracture heals incorrectly
What is osteonecrosis?
Bone death due to poor blood supply
What is another name for osteonecrosis?
Avascular necrosis
What is a major risk factor for osteonecrosis?
Corticosteroid use
What type of bone is stronger, cortical or trabecular?
Cortical bone
What type of bone is more flexible, cortical or trabecular?
Trabecular bone
