Chronic pain syndromes: Fibromyalgia Flashcards
What is acute pain?
Pain lasting less than 3 months caused by tissue injury.
What is chronic pain?
Pain lasting more than 3 months and persists beyond normal healing.
What is nociceptive pain?
Pain from non-neural tissue damage or harmful stimuli.
What is somatic pain?
A type of nociceptive pain from skin and muscles.
What is visceral pain?
A type of nociceptive pain from internal organs.
What is neuropathic pain?
Pain caused by damage or disease in the somatosensory system.
What is mixed pain?
Pain with both nociceptive and neuropathic characteristics.
What is central pain?
Pain originating from the central nervous system (CNS).
What is hyperesthesia?
Increased sensitivity to a stimulus.
What is hypoesthesia?
Decreased sensitivity to a stimulus.
What is hyperalgesia?
An exaggerated pain response to a normally painful stimulus.
What is hypoalgesia?
Reduced sensitivity to a normally painful stimulus.
What is dysesthesia?
An unpleasant abnormal sensation, either spontaneous or evoked.
What is allodynia?
Pain from a stimulus that does not usually cause pain.
What is transduction in pain?
The conversion of stimuli into electrical pain signals.
What is modulation in pain?
The alteration of pain signals along the transmission pathway.
What is perception in pain?
The subjective experience of pain in the brain.
What are WDR neurons?
Wide Dynamic Range neurons that respond to various stimulus types.
What does Gate Control Theory explain?
How non-painful stimuli can reduce pain sensation.
What is the main risk of paracetamol?
Hepatotoxicity if over 4g/day is consumed.
What do NSAIDs inhibit?
They inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to reduce inflammation.
What is the function of TCAs in pain management?
They inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake to provide pain relief.
What are two examples of SNRIs?
Venlafaxine and duloxetine.
What does gabapentin treat?
Neuropathic pain conditions like diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia.
What do muscle relaxants treat?
Acute muscle pain and spasm, effective in the first week.
What is central sensitization?
Increased pain sensitivity due to chronic pain.
What is fibromyalgia?
A condition with diffuse pain, fatigue, and multiple tender points.
Which gender is more affected by fibromyalgia?
Females more than males.
What do FMRI findings show in fibromyalgia?
Increased activation in pain-related brain areas.
