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BDS3 Anatomy > Osteology of Skull, Cervical Spine and Hyoid Bone > Flashcards

Osteology of Skull, Cervical Spine and Hyoid Bone Flashcards

1
Q

what does the skull house

A

brain
organs of special sense
upper part of resp and GI systems

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2
Q

what are bones joined by

A

sutures

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3
Q

what is a suture

A

fibrous joint

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4
Q

sutures don’t move but what are the 2 exceptions of this

A

TMJ
atlantooccipital joint

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5
Q

function of skull

A

protects ; bran, brainstem, cranial nerves and vasculature
provides attachment for muscles
framework for head
gives identity

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6
Q

3 types of bones in skull

A

flat
irregular
pneumatised

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7
Q

difference between flat and irregular bones

A

flat = intramembranous ossification
irregular = endochondral ossification

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8
Q

what classifies a bone as pneumatised

A

bone w air space
these reduce weight of skull and add resonance to our voice

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9
Q

divisions of the skull

A

neurocranium - top
viscerocranium(facial skeleton) - bottom

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10
Q

describe the neurocranium

A

bony case of brain w skullcap and cranial base
contains meninges
made of flat and irregular bones

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11
Q

describe the viscerocranium

A

ant cranium where bones surround the oral/nasal cavities and most of orbit
made of pneumatised bone

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12
Q

which part of the skull is made of both the neuro and viscerocranium

A

the orbit

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13
Q

what are the 8 bones of the neurocranium

A

2 parietal
2 temporal
frontal
occipital
sphenoid
ethmoid - contributes to both

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14
Q

what are the 14 bones of the viscerocranium

A

ethmoid (this makes it 15 if on this list and not the neuro list)
vomer
mandible
2 maxilla
2 lacrimal
2 nasal
2 palatine
2 inferior nasal concha
2 zygomatic

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15
Q

which bone can be on both viscero and neurocranium

A

ethmoid

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16
Q

norma lateralis

A

lateral view - from side

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17
Q

temporal fossa borders

A

superior and post = superior and inferior temporal lines
anterior = frontal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of frontal bone
inferior = infratemporal crest deep to zygomatic arch
floor = includes pterion

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18
Q

what is the temporal fossa

A

large depression on side of skull where temporalis muscle and temporal faschia attaches

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19
Q

pterion

A

H-shape junction of cranial bones
temporal, sphenoid(greater wing), frontal, parietal
weak point - injury

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20
Q

why does injury at the pterion lead to extradural haematoma

A

at the pterion overlies the anterior branch of meningeal artery
extradural haematoma = a bleed between dura and skull

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21
Q

what is the vertex (landmark)

A

superior point of neurocranium centred in middle

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22
Q

what is the bregma (landmark)

A

junction of saggital and coronal suture

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23
Q

what is the lambda (landmark)

A

junction of saggital and lambdoid suture

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24
Q

what is the inion (landmark)

A

most prominent point of occipital protuberance (back of skull)

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25
what is the asterion (landmark)
star shaped junction of 3 sutures between parietal, occipital and temporal bones
26
what is the glabella (landmark)
superior to root of nose between the brows(pracillary arches) most anterior projecting part of forehead
27
pracillary arches
brows
28
what is the nasion (landmark)
where fontal nasal and inter nasal sutures meet
29
Frankfurt horizontal plane / orbitameatal plane
skull orientated so a horizontal line can be drawn between between superior margin of external acoustic meatus and the inferior margin of orbit
30
method of identifying pterion/middle meningeal artery on someone
4cm above midpoint of zygomatic arch 3cm posterior to frontal process of zygomatic bone
31
norma verticalis
superior view - from above
32
norma occipitalis
posterior view - from behind
33
sutural/ accessory/wormian bone
islands of bone along sutures (mainly lambdoid)
34
why do we have fontanelles
moulding of cranial shape during birth post natal growth of brain
35
when does the anterior fontanelle close
18 months
36
when is the posterior fontanelle no longer palpable
1 year
37
what are the 4 types of fontanelle
anterior posterior 2 sphenoid 2 mastoid
38
when does the frontal suture fuse
starts when 2 finishes when 8
39
when does the mental symphysis fuse
early in second year of life
40
what is a fontanelle
fibrous area
41
norma frontalis
frontal view - straight onto face
42
periform aperture
pear shape opening of nose hole
43
contents of periform aperture
bony nasal septum inferior nasal concha
44
where is the smooth flabella
superior to the nasion
45
which bones make up the orbit
frontal sphenoid zygomatic maxilla lacrimal ethmoid
46
what does the orbit contain
superior and inferior orbital fissures orbital canal
47
what are the paranasal sinuses
frontal maxillary ethmoid cells (found in pneumatised bones)
48
norma basalis
inferior external view - from below without mandible - cranial base
49
where is the carotid canal and what is it for
temporal bone provides a path for the anterior carotid artery
50
where is the jugular foramen and what is it for
temporal bone provides path for IJV and CN9,10,11 pass through
51
where is the foramen magnum and what is it for
occipital bone pathway for spinal cord, meninges, meningeal and spinal arteries, spinal root of the accessory nerve
52
where is the hypoglossal canal and what is it for
inside aspect of occipital bone carries CN12 hypoglossal
53
where is the foramen spinosum and what is it for
sphenoid bone small opening in foramen ovale which carries the middle meningeal artery, vein and meningeal branch of CNV3
54
where is the foramen ovale and what is it for
sphenoid bone CNV3 and middle meningeal artery exit skull here
55
where are the greater and lesser palatine foramen
horizontal plate of palatine bone
56
what is the foramen lacerum
artefact of dry bone closed by cartilage which the ICA and sympathetic+venous plexuses pass over small branches of middle meningeal pass through it
57
features of cervical spine
7 vertebrae concave posteriorly allows lateral flexion and rotation
58
ligamentum nuchae
attaches : external occipital protuberance and foramen magnum -> spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
59
parts of the transverse process
anterior tubercle posterior tubercle foramen transversarium - only in C vertebrae
60
which vertebrae have bifid spinous process
C2-6
61
what is the superior articular facet for
connecting with the above and below vertebrae
62
vertebra prominens
C7 - where ligamentum nuchae connects to the non bifid elongated spinous process
63
what passes throuhg the transverse foramen
BV except in C7 - artery doesn't pass through so its smaller
64
vertebral foramen - shape, location and what passes through
large trianglular in shape - in all vertebrae spinal cord passes through
65
difference in atlas to typical vertebrae
non bifid spinous process - its a tubercle no body / lamina anterior and posterior arches instead only one posterior tubercle facets articulate w occipital condyles of skull and dens of C2
66
difference in axis to typical vertebrae
dens / odontoid process which acts as a axis for the atlas and atlantooccipital joint large flat articular surface facets where the atlas is able to rotate
67
what is the atlanto-occipital joint
between articular surfaces of atlas (C1) and occipital condyles (skull)
68
what is the atlanto-axial joint
between transverse ligament and facet in ant arch of atlas (C1) and dens and articular facets of axis (C2)
69
what are alar ligaments
connect dens to occipital condyles + the cranium to the atlas and to prevent excessive rotation of head and neck run from side of dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum
70
what level of vertebrae is the hyoid bone at
C3
71
what does the hyoid connect to by muscles and ligaments
mandible styloid process thyroid cartilage manubrium scapulae connects oral cavity to pharynx posteriorly and larynx inferiorly
72
structure of hyoid bone
U shaped 2 greater horns - joined by body 2 lesser horns
73
parietal eminence
most prominent part of the parietal bon from the superior view of skull
74
parietal foramen
at back and centre of parietal bones one on each bone for veins
75
where sis the superior nuchal line
on the occipital bone near the external occipital protuberance
76
which bone contains the external acoustic meatus
temporal

BDS3 Anatomy (11 decks)

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