(Cervical) Autonomic System

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

nerves and ganglia outside the CNS

Question 3

autonomic NS

Answer 3

involuntary motor actions

Question 4

sympathetic NS

Answer 4

branch of autonomic NS which is fight or flight

Question 5

parasympathetic NS

Answer 5

branch of autonomic NS which is rest and digest

Question 6

origin of sympathetic NS

Answer 6

T1-L2 (thorcolumbar region of CNS)

Question 7

which part of the autonomic NS sends responses to viscera(body core) and periphery

Answer 7

sympathetic
para is only the viscera

Question 8

what are the ganglia for the sympathetic NS

Answer 8

paravertebral and prevertebral

Question 9

what are the ganglia for the parasympathetic NS

Answer 9

cranial parasympathetic ganglia

Question 10

what ganglia make the sympathetic chain

Answer 10

paravertebral ganglia

Question 11

sympathetic chain

Answer 11

base of skull to cocyx where R and L chains join at ganglion impar

Question 12

which ganglions often fuse to form the stellate ganglion

Answer 12

C7 and T1

Question 13

how do sympathetic nerves supply head and neck

Answer 13

need to ascend as they originate inferiorly - synapse at cervical ganglions and travel with arteries

Question 14

origin of parasympathetic NS

Answer 14

craniosacral
CN 3 7 9 10
S2-4

Question 15

in which branch of the autonomic NS are the ganglia located close to the target organs

Answer 15

parasympathetic

Question 16

enteric NS

Answer 16

controls GI functions
branch of autonomic NS

Question 17

general course of autonomic NS

Answer 17

preganglionic neuron(myelinated) - > synapse in ganglion -> post ganglion neuron(nonmyelinated)
different in adrenal medulla

Question 18

in which branch of autonomic NS are the pre ganglionic neurons shorter

Answer 18

sympathetic

Question 19

which neurotransmitters are used in the autonomic NS

Answer 19

acetylcholine
noradrenaline

Question 20

what do chollinergic fibres release

Answer 20

acetylcholine

Question 21

what do adrenergic fibres release

Answer 21

noradreneline

Question 22

what does acetylcholine do in the parasympathetic NS

Answer 22

decreases hear muscle contraction

Question 23

what does acetylcholine do in the sympathetic NS

Answer 23

innovate sweat glands and erector pili

Question 24

what are the cervical ganglions in the sympathetic trunk and there main features / locations

Answer 24

superior - near level of mastoid process
middle - not always present, smallest, at level of cricoid cartilage
inferior - C7 and T1 fuse to make stellate ganglion

Question 25

which vertebrae and other things does the superior cervical ganglion contribute to

Answer 25

C1-4 - cervical plexus
pharynx
superior cardiac nerves
ICA and EC - forming plexuses

Question 26

which vertebrae and other things does the middle cervical ganglion contribute to

Answer 26

C5-6
middle cardiac nerves

Question 27

which vertebrae and other things does the inferior cervical ganglion contribute to

Answer 27

C7-T1; C7 and C8 form brachial plexus
inferior cardiac nerves
vertebral artery - forming periarterial plexus

Question 28

what do all the cervical sympathetic ganglions regulate

Answer 28

eyes - pupil dilation, eyelids, lacrimal glands
carotid body
salivary glands
sweat glands

Question 29

route of a neuron/neurons in the sympathetic chain

Answer 29

exit spinal cord through ventral root
become spinal nerve
through white ramus communicans into sympathetic trunk
3 options
- synapse at same level as postG N
- synapse at diff level to postG N
- become a spanchnic nerve and travel to a prrvertebral ganglion

Question 30

splanchnic nerves

Answer 30

break the rule in the autonomic NS of 2 neurons and 1 ganglion
happens in adrenal medulla which is supplied by preganglionic sympathetic neurons which synapse with chromaffin cells at AM which release adrenaline and noradrenaline into bloodstream

Question 31

main features of Horner’s syndrome

Answer 31

under dilated pupil (miosis) : the sphincter pupillae muscle dilated the pupil when controlled by the sympathetic NS
droopy eyelid (ptosis) : due to paralysis of smooth muscle component
anhidrosis : as no vasoC
flushing of face : as no vasoC

Question 32

Horner’s syndrome is a disease of which autonomic NS

Answer 32

sympathetic

Question 33

route of CN3 (oculomotor) in parasympathetic NS

Answer 33

Edinger-westpha nucleus in brainstem -> pre gang neuron -> ciliary ganglion ->post gang neuron -> ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 34

route of CN7 (facial) in parasympathetic NS

Answer 34

Sup salvatory nucleus in brainstem -> preG N ->
-> pterygopalatine ganglion -> postG N -> lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa
-> submand ganglion -> postG N -> submand gland

Question 35

route of CN9 (glossopharyngeal) in parasympathetic NS A

Answer 35

Inf salvatory nucleus -> preG N -> otic ganglion -> postG N (auriculotemporal nerve) -> parotid gland

Question 36

which other CN is part of the parasympathetic NS but for thorax and abdomen

Answer 36

CN10 (vagus)

Question 37

what are the parasympathetic ganglions

Answer 37

otic
submandibular
pterygopalatine
ciliary
(CN synapse here)

Question 38

location of the otic parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 38

below the foramen ovale

Question 39

location of the submandibular parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 39

below submandibular gland

Question 40

location of the pterygopalatine parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 40

in pterygopalatine fossa

Question 41

location of the ciliary parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 41

in eye

Question 42

which other CN runs with the parasympathetic CN through the parasympathetic ganglions but isn’t parasympathetic

Answer 42

CNV (trigeminal)