Anterior Triangle : Carotid Sheath and Neurovascular Structures

Question 1

contents of carotid sheath

Answer 1

IJV
CCA –> ICA + part of ECA
Vagus CNX

Question 2

start and end location of carotid sheath

Answer 2

carotid canal in base of skull to aortic arch

Question 3

where does the CCA and subclavian artery branch directly from aortic arch

Answer 3

left side
(comes from brachiocephalic trunk on R side)

Question 4

what does the ICA supply

Answer 4

brain = no branches in neck

Question 5

where are the carotid body and sinus located

Answer 5

at the bifurcation of the CCA at level of C3/4 / superior border of thyroid cartilage and larynx
body is in wall of ICA
sinus is on the bifurcation

Question 6

what innervates the carotid sinus and body

Answer 6

CNIX - carotid sinus nerve
CNX

Question 7

what does the carotid body house

Answer 7

chemoreceptors which communicate w medulla

Question 8

what role does the carotid body house

Answer 8

monitors O2, CO2, pH and temp and acts in emergency by increasing these

Question 9

what does the carotid sinus house

Answer 9

baroreceptors/ pressoreceptors which communicate w medulla

Question 10

what role does the carotid sinus play

Answer 10

monitors BP and keeps in homeostatic values
baro = stretch eg if BV dilate

Question 11

8 branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 11

SALFOPMS

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
post auricular
maxillary -> middle meningeal
superficial temporal

Question 12

where does the CCA branch into ICA and ECA

Answer 12

level of 3/4 / superior border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 13

which branches run anteriorly from the ECA

Answer 13

superior thyroid
lingual
facial

Question 14

which branches run posteriorly from the ECA

Answer 14

occipital
posterior auricular

Question 15

which branch runs medial to the ECA

Answer 15

ascending pharyngeal

Question 16

what is the relevance of the foramen spinosum to the ECA

Answer 16

the maxillary branch of the ECA passes through here where it becomes the middle meningeal artery

Question 17

what are the 7 branches of the IJV

Answer 17

SMLFPOI
superior thyroid
middle thyroid
lingual
facial
pharyngeals
occipital
inferior petrosal sinus

Question 18

what is the IJV a continuation of

Answer 18

sigmoid sinus

Question 19

how many bulbs does the IJV have

Answer 19

2 superior and inferior
before and after the branches
bulbs contain valves

Question 20

how does the sigmoid sinus exit the skull

Answer 20

jugular foramen

Question 21

what are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 21

subclavian vein
IJV
on both R and L sides

Question 22

origin of the IJV

Answer 22

brain
skull
face
parts of neck

Question 23

which muscle runs across the IJV

Answer 23

omohyoid

Question 24

origin of the EJV

Answer 24

angle of mandible
has post and ant divisions form here
drains into the subclavian

Question 25

5 branches of the EJV

Answer 25

ASTRP anterior JV suprascapular transverse cervical post external division-retromandibular vein posterior auricular

Question 26

course of anterior JV

Answer 26

branches off the EJV at the level of the hyoid bone and joins with the AJV from opposite side via the jugular venous arch

Question 27

what is the only tributary of the subclavian vein

Answer 27

EJV

Question 28

what CN pass through the jugular foramen

Answer 28

CN XI X IX 9 10 11

Question 29

course of CNXII (hypoglossal)

Answer 29

exits skull through the hypoglossal canal and goes the oral cavity - no branches in neck

Question 30

course of CNXI (spinal accessory)

Answer 30

exits skull through jugular foramen and ascends to supply the SCM and trapezius

Question 31

course of CNX

Answer 31

exits skull through jug foramen branches into : PCSRL pharyngeal carotid body branch superior laryngeal right recurrent laryngeal - at level of subclavian vein left recurrent laryngeal- at level of arch of aorta

Question 32

course of CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

Answer 32

exits skull through jugular foramen branches into : OSPC oral cavity stylopharyngeus muscle branch pharyngeal branch carotid sinus branch

Question 33

course and supply of transverse cervical

Answer 33

anterior rami C2+3 make the transverse cervical which gives cutaneous supply to the SCM and anterior triangle of neck

Question 34

course and supply of ansa cervicalis

Answer 34

formed of C1-3 has a superior and inferior root and goes to supply infrahyoids

Question 35

cervical plexus

Answer 35

ant rami of C1-4 form the plexus which supplies : infrahyoids, diaphragm, skin of ant and lateral neck, inferior head

Question 36

origin of brachial plexus

Answer 36

C5-T1

Question 37

origin of phrenic nerve

Answer 37

ant rami C3+4