Anterior Triangles : Muscular Traingle and Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Boundaries of anterior triangle

Answer 1

midline of neck
inferior border of mandible
anterior border SCM

Question 2

roof of anterior triangle of neck

Answer 2

deep investing faschia around muscles

Question 3

floor of anterior triangle of neck

Answer 3

pretracheal faschia and carotid sheath posteriorly

Question 4

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 4

mylohyoid
digastric
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

Question 5

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 5

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothryroid
thyrohyoid

Question 6

mylohyoid muscle origin and insertion

Answer 6

o = mylohyoid line of mandible
i = body of hyoid and fibres of opposite mylohyoid

Question 7

what muscles does the nerve to the mylohyoid (CNV3) innervate

Answer 7

mylohyoid and the anterior belly of digastric

Question 8

action of mylohyoid

Answer 8

to reinforce oral cavity
elevates hyoid and floor of mouth

Question 9

anterior belly of digastric origin and insertion

Answer 9

o = digastric fossa
i = intermediate tendon at hyoid

Question 10

posterior belly of digastric origin and insertion

Answer 10

o = mastoid notch on the medial aspect of the mastoid process
i = intermediate tendon at the hyoid

Question 11

what muscles does the CNVII digastric branch innervate

Answer 11

posterior belly of digastric

Question 12

action of the anterior belly of digastric

Answer 12

raises hyoid and opens mouth by lowering mandible

Question 13

action of posterior belly of digastric

Answer 13

elevates and retracts hyoids

Question 14

sternohyoid origin and insertion

Answer 14

o = posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint and manubrium
i = body of hyoid medially

Question 15

action of sternohyoid

Answer 15

depress hyoid after elevation during swallowing

Question 16

what muscles does the anterior rami of C1-3 innervate through the ansa cervicalis

Answer 16

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid

Question 17

inferior belly of omohyoid origin and insertion

Answer 17

o = superior border of scapula
i = intermediate tendon

Question 18

superior belly of omohyoid origin and insertion

Answer 18

o = intermediate tendon
i = body of hyoid laterally

Question 19

action of omohyoid

Answer 19

depresses and fixes hyoid

Question 20

thyrohyoid origin and insertion

Answer 20

o = oblique line of thyroid cartilage
i = greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid bone

Question 21

action of thyrohyoid

Answer 21

depresses hyoid
can raise larynx when hyoid is fixed

Question 22

sternothyroid origin and insertion

Answer 22

o = post surface of manubrium
i = oblique line on thyroid cartilage

Question 23

action of the sternothyroid

Answer 23

draws larynx down

Question 24

what does the anterior rami of C1 innervate and what does it run with

Answer 24

innervates thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles and runs with the CNXII

Question 25

General form and position of thyroid gland

Answer 25

2 lateral lobes which extend from thyroid cartilage to 5th tracheal rig which are joined by an isthmus at level of 3rd tracheal ring which can have a pyramidal lobe extending from it

Question 26

innervation of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 26

thyroid branches of cervical (sympathetic) gnalgia

Question 27

vascular supply of the thyroid gland

Answer 27

superior thyroid artery and inferior thyroid artery potentially the thyroid ima artery

Question 28

vascular drainage of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

Answer 28

thyroid venous plexus which consists of the inferior middle and superior thyroid veins

Question 29

where do the superior and middle thyroid vein drain into

Answer 29

IJV

Question 30

where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into

Answer 30

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 31

what is the superior thyroid artery a branch of

Answer 31

external carotid artery

Question 32

what is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of

Answer 32

the subclavian arteries thyrocervical trunk

Question 33

which CN do the recurrent and external laryngeal nerves come from

Answer 33

vagus CNX

Question 34

where are the recurrent and external laryngeal nerves in comparison to the thyroid

Answer 34

on its posteriomedial aspect

Question 35

why is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve more at risk in an emergency airway procedure

Answer 35

loops the subclavian at level of T1-2 and is close to inferior thyroid artery whereas the left one loops lower at T4-5 level and is less close to the thyroid

Question 36

structures of importance in emergency airway situ

Answer 36

external laryngeal nerve recurrent laryngeal nerve (esp right) thyroid ima artery

Question 37

general form and position of the parathyroid gland

Answer 37

2 pairs - superior and inferior (4 total) sit on posterior aspect of the thyroid small circles

Question 38

vascular supply of the parathyroid gland

Answer 38

inferior thyroid artery