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Lower Limb > Osteology of Pelvis and Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Osteology of Pelvis and Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip bone

- Cup shaped depression articulates with head of femur

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2
Q

Acetabular fossa

A

Non-articular fossa

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3
Q

Lunate surface

A

Peripheral acetabulum is articular portion

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4
Q

Acetabular notch

A
  • The acetabular notch is a deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. - Continuous with the circular non-articular depression (acetabular fossa) at the bottom of the cavity
  • Contains a mass of fat and allows passage of acetabular ligament, nutreint vessels and nerves
  • The margins of the notch serve as the attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur
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5
Q

Two portions of ilium

A
  • Wing (ala) of ileum

- Body of ileum

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6
Q

External surface of wing

A

AKA dorsum

  • Posterior gluteal line
  • Anterior gluteal line
  • Inferior gluteal line
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7
Q

Posterior gluteal line

A
  • Shortest line

- Gluteus maximus takes its origin posterior to the posterior gluteal line

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8
Q

Anterior gluteal line

A
  • Longest line

- Gluteus medius originates between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

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9
Q

Inferior gluteal line

A
  • Least distinct line

- Gluteus minimus originates between the anterior and inferior gluteal line

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10
Q

What originates between the inferior gluteal line and the margin of the acetabulum?

A

Rectus femoris

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11
Q

Internal surface of wing of ilium

A
  • Superior border = iliac crest
  • Inferior border = arcuate line
  • Anterior border = ASIS and AIIS
  • Posterior border = PSIS
  • Other features = iliac fossa, sacroiliac joint, iliac tuberosity
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12
Q

Iliac crest

A
  • Anterior point = ASIS
  • Posterior point = PSIS
  • External lip is the attachment for fascia lata and tensor fascia lata
  • Internal lip is the attachent for iliac fascia and iliacus muscle
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13
Q

Inferior border of internal surface of ilium

A

Arcuate line

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14
Q

Anterior border of wing of ilium

A
  • ASIS
  • AIIS

There is a notch between the two spines

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15
Q

Attachments to ASIS

A

“SITI”

  • S = sartorius m.
  • I = iliacus m.
  • T = tensor fascia latae m.
  • I = inguinal ligament
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16
Q

Attachments to AIIS

A

“ISP” - Is St. Paul

  • I = iliofemoral ligament
  • S = straight head of rectus femoris
  • P = portion of iliacus m.

There is a groove medial to the AIIS for psoas major and iliacus muscles to pass

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17
Q

Iliopectineal eminence

A
  • Site of fusion between pubis and ilium

- Located medial to groove for iliopsoas

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18
Q

PSIS

A
  • Posterior border of ilium
  • Attachment for sacroiliac ligament
  • S for “See” - See SITI Is St. Paul

There is also a PIIS

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19
Q

Iliac fossa

A

Concave area
o Nutrient foramen in its center
o Iliacus m. inserts here

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20
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

o Posterior to iliac fossa

o Articulation between sacrum and ilium

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21
Q

Iliac tuberosity

A

Attachment sacroiliac ligaments

o Posterior to articular area

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22
Q

Body of ilium

A

External Surface
o Forms portion acetabulum

Internal Surface
o Part wall bony pelvis
o Obturator internus takes origin here

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23
Q

General ilium notes

A
  • No ramus of ilium
  • Body of ilium joins lateral projection of superior ramus of pubis at the acetabulum
  • The body and wing are sparated - externally by the margin of the acetabulum and internally by the arcuate line
24
Q

Greater sciatic notch

A

o Both ischium and ilium contribute to the greater sciatic notch
o Greater sciatic notch begins proximally inferior to PIIS
o Greater sciatic notch ends distally as the ischial spine

25
Q

Ischium

A

• Ischium possesses a single ramus
• Body of ischium joins lateral projection of superior ramus of pubis at the acetabulum
• Ischium is the strongest, most inferior hip bone
- Two parts: body of ischium, ischial ramus

26
Q

Body of ischium

A

External surface

  • Forms part of acetabular fossa, including part of the lunate surface
  • Includes ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
27
Q

Ischial spine

A

Separates greater and lesser sciatic notches

Attachments: “SaraSota”
o Sacrospinalis ligament
o Superior gemellus muscle

28
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

Attachments
o Quadratus femoris - lateral tuberosity teardrop-shaped facet
o Inferior gemellus - superomedial tuberosity

Quadrilateral portion (upper part)
o Oblique line – separates hamstring origins
o Semimebranosus - upper lateral attachment
o Long head biceps femoris & semitendinosus - lower medial attachment

Triangular portion (lower region)

  • Adductor magnus
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
29
Q

Internal surface of body of ischium

A

Obturator internus attaches here

30
Q

Ischial ramus

A

o Directed anteriorly from ischial tuberosity
o Joins inferior pubic ramus

Muscles attach on external surface, internal surface, lateral border and medial border

31
Q

External surface attachments

A
  • Adductor magnus

- Obturator externus

32
Q

Internal surface attachments

A
  • Obturator internus
33
Q

Lateral border attachments

A
  • Sharp/thin

- Forms margin obturator foramen

34
Q

Medial border attachments

A
  • Perineum attachments
35
Q

Pubis

A
  • Body
  • Superior rami
  • Inferior rami
36
Q

Body of pubis attachments

A

o Gracilis
o Adductor longus
o Adductor brevis

37
Q

Superior rami

A

Medial to lateral portion

  • Pubic crest - most medial
  • Pubic tubercle - lateral to pubic crest, inguinal ligament attachment

Lateral portion

  • Pectin Pubis – laeral to pubic tubercle (pectineus m. attaches here)
  • Iliopectineal line- lateral extension pubic crest
38
Q

Inferior rami

A

o Fused to ischial ramus, so it is sometimes referred to as the “ischiopubic ramus”
o Directed posterolateral from pubic symphysis
o Adductor compartment attachments

39
Q

Adductor compartment attachments to inferior rami

A
  • Gracilis
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Obturator externus
40
Q

3 primary ossification centers

A

3 primary ossification centers

  • Ilium above sciatic notch (8th week)
  • Ischium in body (4th month)
  • Pubis in superior pubic ramus (4th or 5th month)

ALL meet at acetabulum to fuse at 13 to 14 years

41
Q

5 secondary ossification centers

A

“PS IC IT And IPA”

  • PS = pubic symphysis
  • IC = iliac crest
  • IT = ischial tuberosity
  • And = ASIS
  • IPA = inferior portion of acetabulum
42
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused sacral vertebrae

43
Q

Parts of sacrum

A
  • Base
  • Apex
  • Vertebral canal
  • Anterior surface
  • Posterior surface
  • Lateral surface (x2)
44
Q

Base of sacrum

A

Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebrae

  • ALAE = large triangular areas located laterally
  • Suports psoas major and lumbosacral trunks
  • Anterior 3/4 of each ala are costal processes
  • Posterior 1/4 of each ala are transverse processes
45
Q

Apex of sacrum

A
  • Inferior end

- Articulates with coccyx bone

46
Q

Vertebral canal

A
  • Dorsal, ventral rootlets of spinal nerve run through
47
Q

Surfaces of sacrum

A
  • Anterior (“pelvic surface”)
  • Posterior
  • Lateral (x2)
48
Q

Anterior “pelvic surface” of sacrum

A
  • Iliacus origin - superolateral

- Piriformis orgin - segments 1-4

49
Q

Posterior surface of sacrum

A
  • Convex, narrower surface
  • Middle sacral crest- midline longitudinal ridge (Rudimentary spinous processes of sacral vertebrae)
  • Sacral grooves (laminae of vertebrae, between middle sacral crest and articular crest there is the longitudinal ridge of articular processes)
  • Posterior sacral foramina (Lateral to articular crests)
50
Q

Lateral surface of sacrum

A
  • Broad superior, thin inferior
  • Auricular surface (covered hyaline cartilage, articulates with ilium at sacroiliac joint)
  • Sacral Tuberosity (Posterior to auricular suface, 3 depressions for dorsal sacroiliac ligament)
  • Thin Inferior (Gluteus Maximus, Sacrospinous, Sacrotuberous)
51
Q

Ossification of sacrum

A

o Primary center & 2 epiphyseal plates: body each sacral vertebra
o 2 ossifcation centers: each vertebral arch
o 2 epiphyseal plates: each lateral seface
o 1 ossifcation center: lateral portion each upper 3 vertebrae

52
Q

Coccyx

A
  • 4 verebrae (can range 3-5)
  • No laminae, pedicles, spinous processes
  • Contains lateral processes for attachment, anterior and posterior surfaces
53
Q

Lateral processes of coccyx for attachment

A

o Sacrotuberous lig
o sacrospinous lig
o Gluteus Maximus

54
Q

Anterior surface of coccyx

A
  • Concave

- Sacrococcygeal ligament is attached here

55
Q

Posterior surface of coccyx

A
  • Cocygeal coruna, which are a large pair of superior articular processes
56
Q

Ossification centers of the coccyx

A
  • 1st vertebra - 1-4 years
  • 2nd vertebra = 5-10 years
  • 3rd vertebra = 10-15 years
  • 4th vertebra = 15-20 years
57
Q

Male vs female pelvis

A

Male pelvis
- Larger, heart shaped

Female pelvis

  • Wider pubic angle
  • Shorter and wider sacrum bone
  • Larger pelvic inlet (oval-shaped)
  • Smaller, triangular obturator foramina
  • Ilia are less sloped
  • ASIS is wider
  • Siatic notch is wider
  • Ischia spines are less pointed

Lower Limb (24 decks)

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