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Lower Limb > Osteology of Pelvis and Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Osteology of Pelvis and Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip bone

- Cup shaped depression articulates with head of femur

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2
Q

Acetabular fossa

A

Non-articular fossa

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3
Q

Lunate surface

A

Peripheral acetabulum is articular portion

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4
Q

Acetabular notch

A
  • The acetabular notch is a deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. - Continuous with the circular non-articular depression (acetabular fossa) at the bottom of the cavity
  • Contains a mass of fat and allows passage of acetabular ligament, nutreint vessels and nerves
  • The margins of the notch serve as the attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur
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5
Q

Two portions of ilium

A
  • Wing (ala) of ileum

- Body of ileum

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6
Q

External surface of wing

A

AKA dorsum

  • Posterior gluteal line
  • Anterior gluteal line
  • Inferior gluteal line
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7
Q

Posterior gluteal line

A
  • Shortest line

- Gluteus maximus takes its origin posterior to the posterior gluteal line

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8
Q

Anterior gluteal line

A
  • Longest line

- Gluteus medius originates between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

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9
Q

Inferior gluteal line

A
  • Least distinct line

- Gluteus minimus originates between the anterior and inferior gluteal line

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10
Q

What originates between the inferior gluteal line and the margin of the acetabulum?

A

Rectus femoris

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11
Q

Internal surface of wing of ilium

A
  • Superior border = iliac crest
  • Inferior border = arcuate line
  • Anterior border = ASIS and AIIS
  • Posterior border = PSIS
  • Other features = iliac fossa, sacroiliac joint, iliac tuberosity
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12
Q

Iliac crest

A
  • Anterior point = ASIS
  • Posterior point = PSIS
  • External lip is the attachment for fascia lata and tensor fascia lata
  • Internal lip is the attachent for iliac fascia and iliacus muscle
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13
Q

Inferior border of internal surface of ilium

A

Arcuate line

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14
Q

Anterior border of wing of ilium

A
  • ASIS
  • AIIS

There is a notch between the two spines

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15
Q

Attachments to ASIS

A

“SITI”

  • S = sartorius m.
  • I = iliacus m.
  • T = tensor fascia latae m.
  • I = inguinal ligament
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16
Q

Attachments to AIIS

A

“ISP” - Is St. Paul

  • I = iliofemoral ligament
  • S = straight head of rectus femoris
  • P = portion of iliacus m.

There is a groove medial to the AIIS for psoas major and iliacus muscles to pass

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17
Q

Iliopectineal eminence

A
  • Site of fusion between pubis and ilium

- Located medial to groove for iliopsoas

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18
Q

PSIS

A
  • Posterior border of ilium
  • Attachment for sacroiliac ligament
  • S for “See” - See SITI Is St. Paul

There is also a PIIS

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19
Q

Iliac fossa

A

Concave area
o Nutrient foramen in its center
o Iliacus m. inserts here

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20
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

o Posterior to iliac fossa

o Articulation between sacrum and ilium

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21
Q

Iliac tuberosity

A

Attachment sacroiliac ligaments

o Posterior to articular area

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22
Q

Body of ilium

A

External Surface
o Forms portion acetabulum

Internal Surface
o Part wall bony pelvis
o Obturator internus takes origin here

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23
Q

General ilium notes

A
  • No ramus of ilium
  • Body of ilium joins lateral projection of superior ramus of pubis at the acetabulum
  • The body and wing are sparated - externally by the margin of the acetabulum and internally by the arcuate line
24
Q

Greater sciatic notch

A

o Both ischium and ilium contribute to the greater sciatic notch
o Greater sciatic notch begins proximally inferior to PIIS
o Greater sciatic notch ends distally as the ischial spine

25
Ischium
• Ischium possesses a single ramus • Body of ischium joins lateral projection of superior ramus of pubis at the acetabulum • Ischium is the strongest, most inferior hip bone - Two parts: body of ischium, ischial ramus
26
Body of ischium
External surface - Forms part of acetabular fossa, including part of the lunate surface - Includes ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
27
Ischial spine
Separates greater and lesser sciatic notches Attachments: “SaraSota” o Sacrospinalis ligament o Superior gemellus muscle
28
Ischial tuberosity
Attachments o Quadratus femoris - lateral tuberosity teardrop-shaped facet o Inferior gemellus - superomedial tuberosity Quadrilateral portion (upper part) o Oblique line – separates hamstring origins o Semimebranosus - upper lateral attachment o Long head biceps femoris & semitendinosus - lower medial attachment Triangular portion (lower region) - Adductor magnus - Sacrotuberous ligament
29
Internal surface of body of ischium
Obturator internus attaches here
30
Ischial ramus
o Directed anteriorly from ischial tuberosity o Joins inferior pubic ramus Muscles attach on external surface, internal surface, lateral border and medial border
31
External surface attachments
- Adductor magnus | - Obturator externus
32
Internal surface attachments
- Obturator internus
33
Lateral border attachments
- Sharp/thin | - Forms margin obturator foramen
34
Medial border attachments
- Perineum attachments
35
Pubis
- Body - Superior rami - Inferior rami
36
Body of pubis attachments
o Gracilis o Adductor longus o Adductor brevis
37
Superior rami
Medial to lateral portion - Pubic crest - most medial - Pubic tubercle - lateral to pubic crest, inguinal ligament attachment Lateral portion - Pectin Pubis – laeral to pubic tubercle (pectineus m. attaches here) - Iliopectineal line- lateral extension pubic crest
38
Inferior rami
o Fused to ischial ramus, so it is sometimes referred to as the “ischiopubic ramus” o Directed posterolateral from pubic symphysis o Adductor compartment attachments
39
Adductor compartment attachments to inferior rami
- Gracilis - Adductor brevis - Adductor magnus - Obturator externus
40
3 primary ossification centers
3 primary ossification centers - Ilium above sciatic notch (8th week) - Ischium in body (4th month) - Pubis in superior pubic ramus (4th or 5th month) ALL meet at acetabulum to fuse at 13 to 14 years
41
5 secondary ossification centers
"PS IC IT And IPA" - PS = pubic symphysis - IC = iliac crest - IT = ischial tuberosity - And = ASIS - IPA = inferior portion of acetabulum
42
Sacrum
5 fused sacral vertebrae
43
Parts of sacrum
- Base - Apex - Vertebral canal - Anterior surface - Posterior surface - Lateral surface (x2)
44
Base of sacrum
Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebrae - ALAE = large triangular areas located laterally - Suports psoas major and lumbosacral trunks - Anterior 3/4 of each ala are costal processes - Posterior 1/4 of each ala are transverse processes
45
Apex of sacrum
- Inferior end | - Articulates with coccyx bone
46
Vertebral canal
- Dorsal, ventral rootlets of spinal nerve run through
47
Surfaces of sacrum
- Anterior ("pelvic surface") - Posterior - Lateral (x2)
48
Anterior "pelvic surface" of sacrum
- Iliacus origin - superolateral | - Piriformis orgin - segments 1-4
49
Posterior surface of sacrum
- Convex, narrower surface - Middle sacral crest- midline longitudinal ridge (Rudimentary spinous processes of sacral vertebrae) - Sacral grooves (laminae of vertebrae, between middle sacral crest and articular crest there is the longitudinal ridge of articular processes) - Posterior sacral foramina (Lateral to articular crests)
50
Lateral surface of sacrum
- Broad superior, thin inferior - Auricular surface (covered hyaline cartilage, articulates with ilium at sacroiliac joint) - Sacral Tuberosity (Posterior to auricular suface, 3 depressions for dorsal sacroiliac ligament) - Thin Inferior (Gluteus Maximus, Sacrospinous, Sacrotuberous)
51
Ossification of sacrum
o Primary center & 2 epiphyseal plates: body each sacral vertebra o 2 ossifcation centers: each vertebral arch o 2 epiphyseal plates: each lateral seface o 1 ossifcation center: lateral portion each upper 3 vertebrae
52
Coccyx
* 4 verebrae (can range 3-5) * No laminae, pedicles, spinous processes * Contains lateral processes for attachment, anterior and posterior surfaces
53
Lateral processes of coccyx for attachment
o Sacrotuberous lig o sacrospinous lig o Gluteus Maximus
54
Anterior surface of coccyx
- Concave | - Sacrococcygeal ligament is attached here
55
Posterior surface of coccyx
- Cocygeal coruna, which are a large pair of superior articular processes
56
Ossification centers of the coccyx
- 1st vertebra - 1-4 years - 2nd vertebra = 5-10 years - 3rd vertebra = 10-15 years - 4th vertebra = 15-20 years
57
Male vs female pelvis
Male pelvis - Larger, heart shaped Female pelvis - Wider pubic angle - Shorter and wider sacrum bone - Larger pelvic inlet (oval-shaped) - Smaller, triangular obturator foramina - Ilia are less sloped - ASIS is wider - Siatic notch is wider - Ischia spines are less pointed

Lower Limb (24 decks)

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