Arthrology and Syndesmology of the Pelvis

Question 1

Hip joint

Answer 1

Ball and socket joint

Question 2

Parts of hip joint

Answer 2

• Acetabulum
• Acetabular fossa
• Lunate surface
• Head of femur
• Ligaments
• Synovial membrane
• Nerves
• Blood vessels

Question 3

Acetabulum

Answer 3

o Articular/nonarticular regions
o 1/5 pubis- medial
o 2/5 ischium – lateral
o Ilium- superior

Question 4

Acetabular fossa

Answer 4

o Deepest, nonarticulating

o Primarily ischium

Question 5

Lunate surface

Answer 5

o Aricualr surface
o Cartilage covered
o Acetabular labrum - fibrocartilaginous ring that attaches to lateral margin & synovial membrane to deepen acetabulum
o Acetabular notch - lunate surface is incomplete inferiorly, making the notch continuous with the fossa
o Transverse acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch
o Acetabular notch creates a foramen for blood vessels to supply joint

Question 6

Head of femur

Answer 6

o Direction is superior/medial
o Surface is covered by articular cartilage, which is thicker above supporting weight
o Exception: rough depression center = fovia captiis femoris
o Ligament capitus femoris attaches

Question 7

Ligaments of hip joint

Answer 7

• Articular capsule
• Acetabular labrum
• Transverse acetabular ligament
• Zona orbigularis
• Iliofemoral ligament
• Pubofemoral ligament
• Ischiofemoral ligament
• Ligament capitus femoris

Question 8

Articular capsule

Answer 8

• Strong, loose around joint
• Attach: margins acetabulum few mm from labrum…
o Lateralarlly to medial side of greater trochanter
o Anteriorly intertrochanteric line
o Posterirly 1 cm above intertrochanteric crest
o Fibers over neck of femur > acetabular rim
• Inferioly- blends transvers acetabular ligament
• THICK anterior/superior for greater R area
• Thin posterior/inferior
• Distally become zona orbicularis
• Proximally become iliofemorla, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Question 9

Acetabular labrum

Answer 9

• Triangular
• Fibrocartilaginous
• Deepens cavity
• Blends transverse acetabular at acetabular notch
• Helps hold head femur in acetabulum

Question 10

Zona orbicularis

Answer 10

• DISTAL part of articular capsule become this

* Around neck fo femur

Question 11

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 11

• longest, widest, strongest
• inverted Y shaped
• Anterior joint
• Transversed by: articular branch deep branch medial femoral circumflex

Question 12

Describe attachments for the inverted Y shape of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 12

o Stem: ilium immed below AIIS
o Base 1: anterior part greater trochanter (often called Iliotrochanteric ligament)
o Base 2: intertrochanteric line

Question 13

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 13

• Not well developed
• Anterior to iliofemoral
• Origin: obturator crest and superior ramus of pubis (anterior iliopectineal eminence)
• Direction inferiorlateral
• Attach: Neck of femur
• Blend w/ iliofemoral

Question 14

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 14

• Triangular
• Posterior capsule
• Origin: Posterior body ischium, inferior acetabulum
• Direction superior lateral in spiral course
• Attach: posterosuperior part neck of femur below greater trochanter
• Below this ligament the capsule of hip is thin

Question 15

Ligament capitus femoris

Answer 15

• 4 cm long
• Between head femur & acetabulum
• Intracapsular
• Enclosed by tub- like extension of synovial membrane
• Proximal (3 bands) - 2 lateral bands: fixed to margins acetabular notch and 1 medial band blends transverse acetabular ligament
• Distal:Fovea capitus on femur

Question 16

Synovial membrane of hip joint

Answer 16

• Synovial Membrane = inner surface of articular capsule
• Acetabulum corsses over transverse acetabular ligament to acetabular fossa
• Tubal reflexion around ligamentum capitus femoris

Question 17

Nerves to hip joint

Answer 17

o Femoral
o Obturator
o Accessory obturator
o Inferior gluteal nerves

Question 18

Blood vessels to hip joint

Answer 18

o	Medial/lateral femoral circumflex
o	Superior/inferior gluteal 
o	Obterator 
o	1st perforating 
**HEAVY LIGAMENTS AVASCULAR

Question 19

Sacroiliac joint

Answer 19

• Synovial joint
• Auricular sacrum & ilium at 1st 3 sacral vertebrae
• Lined by cartilage
• Narrow joint cavity surrounded by articular capsule

Question 20

Ligaments of sacroiliac joint

Answer 20

• Anterior sacroiliac ligament
• Posterior sacroiliac ligament
• Interosseous ligament

Question 21

Anterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 21

Ventrolateral surface sacrum to margins of auricular suface of ilium

Question 22

Posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 22

• Strong

* 2 sets fibers: deep/short fibers and superficial/long fibers

Question 23

Deep/short fibers of posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 23

• Origin: tuberosity of ilium & PIIS
• Passes inferomedially
• Attach: posterolateral sacrum

Question 24

Superficial/long fibers of posterior sacroiliac ligament

Answer 24

• Oblique
• Origin: PSIS
• Attach: 3rd tubercle of sacrum
• Blends sacrotuberous ligament

Question 25

Interosseous ligament of sacroiliac joint

Answer 25

• Strong fibers unite 2 articular bones
• Blend posterior sacroiliac ligament
• Suspend sacrum between 2 iliac bones