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Lower Limb > Muscles of the Iliac and Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Muscles of the Iliac and Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the iliac region

A

ALL take origin in the iliac region and insert onto the femur

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2
Q

Three muscles of the iliac region

A
  • Psoas major and minor

- Iliacus

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3
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region

A 
o	Gluteus maximus
o	Gluteus medius
o	Gluteus minimus 
o	Tensor fasciae latae 
o	Piriformis
o	Obturator internus 
o	Superior gemellus
o	Inferior gemellus
o	Quadratus femoris 
o	Obturator externus
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4
Q

Psoas major origin

A
  • Ventral surfaces of caudal borders and bases of the transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
  • Lateral surfaces of intervertebral discs of the last thoracic vertebrae
  • Tendinous arches which allow the passage of lumbar arteries, veins
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5
Q

Psoas major insertion

A

Muscle passes distally across the brim of the true pelvis and deep to the inguinal ligament to insert into
- Apex of lesser trochanter of the femur (medial to insertion of iliacus)
NOTE: bursa separates the tendon from the pubis and hip joint capsule

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6
Q

Psoas major nerve supply

A

Branches of the lumbar plexus containing fibers from L2 and L3

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7
Q

Psoas major function

A

Flexor at the hip and flexor of the lumbar spine

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8
Q

Psoas minor notes

A

The psoas minor is an inconstant muscle found on anterior surface of psoas major

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9
Q

Psoas minor origin

A

12th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral disc between them

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10
Q

Psoas minor insertion

A

Via a long, thin tendon, psoas minor inserts into the iliopectineal eminence and iliac fascia

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11
Q

Psoas minor nerve supply

A

1st lumbar nerve

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12
Q

Psoas minor function

A

Flexion of lumbar spine

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13
Q

Iliacus notes

A

Iliacus muscle fills the iliac fossa

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14
Q

Iliacus origin

A
  • Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa
  • Iliac crest reaching the ASIS and AIIS
  • Superolateral portion (ala) of the sacrum
  • Anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments
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15
Q

Iliacus insertion

A

The muscle becomes a tendon on the lateral side of the psoas major muscle and inserts into the base of the lesser trochanter of the femur

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16
Q

Iliacus nerve supply

A

Femoral nerve

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17
Q

Iliacus function

A

Flexion at the hip

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18
Q

Iliacus minor is occasionally present

A

o A small muscle (sometimes considered to be a detached part of the iliacus) is occasionally present
o Arises from the anterior inferior iliac spine
o Inserts on the intertrochanteric line of the femur or into the iliofemoral ligament

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19
Q

Fascia of the gluteal region

A
  • Subcutaneous fascia of gluteal region is continuous with fascia of the thigh and back
  • Made up of a superficial fatty layer and a deep membranous layer
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20
Q

Deep layer of fasica of gluteal region

A

o Continuous with fascia lata of the thigh
o As fascia lata passes upward toward gluteal region, it surrounds gluteus maximus
o Tendon of gluteus maximus ends in the iliotibial tract, which is a strong tendon embedded in the fascia lata

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21
Q

Gluteal aponeurosis

A

o Composed of vertical fibers which are present between the iliac crest and superior border of the gluteus maximus

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22
Q

Muscles of gluteal region

A 
o	Gluteus maximus
o	Gluteus medius
o	Gluteus minimus 
o	Tensor fasciae latae 
o	Piriformis
o	Obturator internus 
o	Superior gemellus
o	Inferior gemellus
o	Quadratus femoris 
o	Obturator externus
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23
Q

Notes on gluteus maximus

A

Large thick muscle, composed of remarkably coarse parallel fibers and lies superficially on the buttock

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24
Q

Origin of gluteus maximus

A
  • Posterior gluteal line of the ilium (and bone superior and posterior to it)
  • Posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx
  • Aponeurosis of the sacrospinalis muscle
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Gluteal aponeurosis covering gluteus medius
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25
Insertion of gluteus maximus
Proximal and superficial fibers of distal muscle - Iliotibial band Deep fibers of distal portion - Gluteal tuberosity Bursae - Generally, there are 3 bursae associated with gluteus maximus, which are all found on its deep surface - 1st largest bursae - over the greater trochanter - 2nd largest bursae - over the ischial tuberosity (most commonly missing) - 3rd largest bursae - between tendon of gluteus maximus and tendon of vastus lateralis
26
Nerve supply of gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal nerve
27
Function of gluteus maximus
Extend, laterally rotate and abduct the thigh at the hip
28
Gluteus medius notes
Located on the outer surface of the pelvis, with its posterior ½ being covered by the gluteus maximus and its anterior ½ being covered by the gluteal aponeurosis
29
Gluteus medius origin
- Outer surface of the ilium between the iliac crest and posterior gluteal line (posteriorly) - Anterior gluteal line (anteriorly)
30
Gluteus medius insertion
Oblique bony ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter
31
Gluteus medius nerve supply
Superior gluteal nerve
32
Gluteus medius function
Abduction of the hip and medial rotation of an extended hip - Anterior fibers  flex and medially rotate at the hip - Posterior fibers  laterally rotates at the hip * **Most important = stabilization of the pelvis during locomotion
33
Gluteus minimus notes
Third and smallest of the gluteal muscles - Lies deep to gluteus medius - Between medius and minimus is the superior gluteal nerve and the deep branches of the superior gluteal artery and vein
34
Gluteus minimus origin
- Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines - Edge of the greater sciatic notch
35
Gluteus minimus insertion
Anterior border of greater trochanter | - NOTE: a bursa is frequently found between its tendon and the greater trochanter
36
Gluteus minimus nerve supply
Superior gluteal nerve
37
Gluteus minimus function
Abduction of the hip, medial rotation of an extended hip, weak hip flexor - Like gluteus medius, it stabilizes the pelvis during locomotion
38
Tensor fasciae latae notes
Entirely enclosed in the upper fibers of the iliotibial band
39
Tensor fasciae latae origin
- Anterior end of iliac crest near anterior superior iliac spine
40
Tensor fasciae latae insertion
This short, bulky muscle has fibers which pass inferiorly to insert into the iliotibial tract, usually slightly distal to the level of the greater trochanter - The iliotibial tract attaches inferiorly on the lateral tibial condyle and also forms part of the capsule of the knee joint
41
Tensor fasciae latae nerve supply
Superior gluteal nerve
42
Tensor fasciae latae function
Hip flexor and medial rotator
43
Piriformis origin
Within the pelvis - anterior surface of the sacrum between the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral foramina
44
Piriformis insertion
The muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen to be inserted on the - Superior border of the greater trochanter posterior to the common tendon of the obturator internus and gemelli
45
Piriformis nerve supply
2nd sacral nerve (or 1st and 2nd)
46
Piriformis function
Lateral rotation, abduction of a flexed hip and extension of the hip
47
Obturator internus origin
- Inside surface of the superior and inferior pubic rami - Inside surface of ischial ramus - Ilial and ischial contributions to the wall of the true pelvis - Obturator membrane
48
Obturator internus insertion
Fibers of the obturator internus are directed toward the lesser sciatic foramen where they pass at a right angle over the bone between the spine and tuberosity of the ischium – the tendon receives fibers fo the gemelli muscle and is then inserted into: - Medial surface of greater trochanter, anterior to trochanteric fossa NOTE: a bursa is found as the tendon passes through the lesser sciatic foramen, another is found between the tendon and the hip joint capsule
49
Obturator internus nerve supply
Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1, 2)
50
Obturator internus function
Lateral rotation of the hip, extension of the hip, abduction of a flexed hip
51
Superior gemelli notes
The superior and inferior gemelli are the two muscles that lie on either side of the tendon of the obturator internus
52
Superior gemelli origin
Outer surface of ischial spine
53
Superior gemelli insertion
After partial fusion with the tendon of the obturator internus, it inserts into - Medial surface of the greater trochanter
54
Superior gemelli nerve supply
Nerve to obturator internus
55
Superior gemelli function
Lateral rotation of the hip
56
Inferior gemelli notes
Larger of the two gemelli muscles
57
Inferior gemelli origin
Upper (superomedial) part of the ischial tuberosity
58
Inferior gemelli insertion
After partial fusion with the tendon of the obturator internus, it inserts into - Medial surface of the greater trochanter
59
Inferior gemelli nerve supply
Nerve to quadratus femoris
60
Inferior gemelli function
Lateral rotator at the hip
61
Quadratus femoris notes
Quadratus femoris is a muscle found between the inferior gemellus and the upper fibers of the adductor magnus
62
Quadratus femoris origin
External margin (lateral edge) of the ischial tuberosity
63
Quadratus femoris insertion
Linea quadrata and quadrate tubercle of the femur
64
Quadratus femoris nerve supply
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
65
Quadratus femoris function
Abduction and lateral rotation of the hip
66
Obturator externus notes
Obturator externus covers the outer surface of the anterior pelvic wall
67
Obturator externus origin
- Those portions of the ischium and pubis which surround the medial margin of the obturator foramen - Obturator membrane
68
Obturator externus insertion
Its tendon passes laterally to be inserted into the | - Trochanteric fossa of the femur
69
Obturator externus nerve supply
Posterior division of the obturator nerve
70
Obturator externus function
Adduction and lateral rotation of the hip
71
Muscle in the gluteal region that can vary
- Piriformis - Superior gemellus - Inferior gemellus - Quadratus femoris
72
Piriformis variation
o May be divided into 2 parts by the passage of the fibular portion of sciatic nerve o May be fused with gluteus medius o May also receive fibers from superior gemellus o May be absent
73
Superior gemellus variation
o May be absent
74
Inferior gemellus variation
o May be fused with quadratus femoris or obturator internus
75
Quadratus femoris variation
o May be absent o May be fused with adductor magnus or inferior gemellus o May have 2 separate tendons of insertion, with the anterior tendon attaching to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur

Lower Limb (24 decks)

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