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Repro I > Osteology and Arthrology > Flashcards

Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the perineum?

A

between thighs and buttocks, from coccyx to the pubis, inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Where is the pelvic cavity?

A

inferiorposterior to the abdomen, between the pelvic brim and pelvic diaphragm

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3
Q

What contains the iliacus m?

A

iliac fossa

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4
Q

What is the superior attachment for inguinal L?

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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5
Q

What does the obturator groove transmit?

A

Obturator n, a, and v; it is not covered by obturator membrane

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6
Q

What forms the obturator foramen?

A

Superior and inferior pubic rami, ischial ramus, and body of ischium

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7
Q

What is the pubic arch?

A

bony arch btwn right and left inferior pubic and ischial rami

Apex is at pubic symphysis

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8
Q

What is the subpubic angle?

A

angle immediately inferior to pubic symphysis

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9
Q

What forms the median sacral crest?

A

fused sacral spinous processes

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10
Q

What forms the intermediate/medial sacral crest?

A

Fused sacral articulating processes

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11
Q

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

A

fused sacral transverse processes

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12
Q

What does the sacral tuberosity articulate with?

A

forms fibrous articulation with iliac tuberosity

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13
Q

What sacral formaina are smaller? Dorsal or ventral?

A

Dorsal

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14
Q

What is the resultant gap left by absence of lamina and spinous process of S5?

A

sacral hiatus

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15
Q

What is the sacral cornua?

A

Inferior articulating process of S5

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16
Q

What transmits the cauda equina?

A

Sacral canal - the continuation of vertebral foramina

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17
Q

What is it called when the vertebral arch separates from the vertebral body?

A

Spondylolysis

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18
Q

What is it called when there is an abnormal anteriorly directed separation of the L5 vertebral segment from the sacrum?

A

Spondylolisthesis

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19
Q

Describe the superior pelvic inlet

A

exists at the pelvic brim
btwn greatter and lesser pelvis
Formed by sacral promentory, superior edge of sacral ala, arcuate line of ilium, pectin pubis, pubic crest and superior edge of pubic symphysis

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20
Q

Describe the inferior pelvic inlet

A

Bound by inferior edge of pubic symphysis, inferior pubic and iscial rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ls. and the coccyx

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21
Q

What is the passage between superior and inferior inlets called?

A

pelvic canal

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22
Q

Describe a typical male pelvis

A 
Thicker, heavier
Deeper greater pelvis 
Narrower and deeper lesser pelvis
Android pelvic inlet
small pelvic outlet
narrow pubic arch
round obturator foramen
large acetabulum
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23
Q

Describe a typical female pelvis

A 
Thinner, lighter
shallower greater pelvis
wider and shallow lesser pelvis 
gynecoid pelvic inlet 
large pelvic outlet
wide pubic arch
oval obturator foramen
small acetabulum
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24
Q

What are important measurements to obstetrically determine the capacity of a female to bear a child?

A

pelvic diameters

Vertical, transverse, oblique and conjugate

25
Q

Why do pelvic fractures or crush fractures almost always involve multiple fractures?

A

articulated pelvis is a bony ring and therefore difficult to break in only one place. superior and inferior pubic rami often broken on both sides as a result

26
Q

What is the interpubic disc?

A

fibrocartilaginous disc between right and left pubic symphyseal surfaces

27
Q

Describe the lumbosacral joint

A

2 joints

  • intervertebral joint that is a symphysis
  • zygopophyseal joint that is planar synovial
28
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal l?

A

Travels on the ventral surface of vertebral bodies, onto ventral surface of the sacrum

29
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal l?

A

travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, onto the anterior wall of the sacral canal

30
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum?

A

pale yellow fibers which travel on the ventral surfaces of vertebral laminae, onto the posterior wall of sacral canal

31
Q

Where is the iliolumbar l?

A

travels from L5 transverse processes to the iliac crest

32
Q

Where is the lumbosacral l.?

A

L5 transverse process and body to sacral ala

33
Q

Where is the inguinal l?

A

from ASIS to pubic tubercle

34
Q

What are the ligaments of the pubic symphysis?

A

superior pubic l
inferior pubic l
interpubic disk

35
Q

Describe the sacroiliac joint

A

compound joint

  • planar synovial - auricular surface of sacrum and articular (auricular?) surface of the ilium
  • Fibrous syndesmosis - posteriorly btwn the sacral and ischial tuberosities
36
Q

Where are the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ls?

A

from ventral sacrum to ischial spine

from ventral sacrum to ischial tuberosity

37
Q

Where is the posterior sacroiliac l?

A

arranged in two parts

  • long: two bands from PSIS and median sacral crest of S3,4 to blend inferiorly with sacrotuberous L
  • short: median sacral crest S1, 2 inserting on posterior surface of iliac crest and iliac tuberosity
38
Q

Describe the joint between the sacrum and coccyx

A

sacrococcygeal joint - symphysis

2 ligaments - anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ls

39
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

dips down out of the abdomen into the pelvis to cover, but not surround the pelvic viscera

40
Q

Describe the obturator fascia

A

membranous parietal pelvic fasica
lines pelvic side of obturator internus m
Continuous superiorly with transversalis fascia
Forms walls of pudendal canal
Forms tendinous arch of levator ani ms.

41
Q

what fascia lines the muscular walls the pelvis: obturator internus m., piriformis, levator ani, and coccygeus ms.

A

Membranous parietal pelvic fascia

42
Q

What type of fascia is the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia?

What are the parts

A

Membranous visceral pelvic fascia

Male: puboprostatic l and rectoprostatic l
Female: Pubovesical l and uterosacral l

43
Q

What are the 4 fat filled potential spaces in the pelvis?

A

Retropubic space (prevesical space)
Paravesical space
Pelvirectal space
Retrorectal space

44
Q

What is condensed endopelvic fascia?

A

increased density of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for compartmentalizing the loose endopelvic fascia

45
Q

What makes up the condensed endopelvic fascia? How is it different in males vs females?

A

Hypogastric sheath

  • anterior lamina: lateral L of the bladder
  • middle lamina: transverse cervical l in female vs rectovesical septum in males
  • Posterior lamina: lateral rectal l
46
Q

What does the hypogastric sheath serve as a conduit for?

A

nerves and vessels going to lateral pelvic wall to pelvic viscera

47
Q

What can be found in the anal triangle?

A

ischioanal foss and pudendal canal

48
Q

Describe the ischioanal fossa

A

around the wall of anal canal, inferior to pelvic diaphragm, narrow superiorly, wide inferiorly
filled with fat and loose connective tissues that allows for expansion of anal canal during defecation

49
Q

Describe the pudendal canal

A

Space inside obturator fascia which transmits the internal pudendal a, v, and pudendal n

50
Q

What can be found in the urogenital triangle?

A 
Perineal membrane 
Superficial perineal fascia 
Deep perineal fascia 
Superficial perineal pouch 
Deep perineal pouch
51
Q

What are the four points of the quadrangular space/perineum

A

Pubic symphysis
Coccyx
Two ischial tuberosities

52
Q

Describe the perineal membrane

A

extends between the two sides of the pubic arch and coverst the anterior portion of the inferior pelvic aperture

53
Q

Describe superficial perineal fascia

A

Continuous with the superficial fascia of the abdomen, made up of fatty and membranous component

54
Q

Describe fatty superficial perineal fascia

A

In the female, it forms the fatty layers of the labia majora and the mons pubis
Male - replaced by the penis and scrotum and only a thin layer lies beneath bulbospongiosus m.

55
Q

Describe the membranous (deep) superficial perineal fascia

A

Forms the dartos fascia of the penis and scrotum

56
Q

Describe the deep perineal fascia

A

Female - exists primarily as perineal membrane

Male - makes up the deep fascia of the penis and perineal membrane

57
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in males?

A

bulb and crura of the penis
superficial perineal muscles
proximal spongy urethra
branches of the internal pudendal a and v and of pudendal n

58
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females?

A 
crura of the clitoris
bulb of the vestibule
superficial perineal muscles
greater vestibular glands
branches of the internal pudendal a and v and the pudendal n
59
Q

What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch

A

male - membranous urethra, muscles of the urogenital diaphragm, bulbourethral glands
Female - muscles of the urogenital diaphragm

Repro I (11 decks)

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