Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro I > Histology of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major responsibilities of the male repro system?

A

Production and storage of spermatozoa

Synthesis and secretion of male sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four major components of the male repro system?

A

testes
efferent duct system (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra)
Three accessory glands (seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral glands)
Penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the general organization of the seminiferous tubules?

A

1-4 in each lobule
40-70 cm long
Walls composed of three layers: tunica propria, basal lamina, seminiferous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the location and function of leydig cells?

A

occur in clusters between the tubules

secrete testosterone on stimulation by LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of sertoli cells?

A

tall, branched columnar cells that rest on basement membrane
pale oval nucleus with a prominent nucleolus
respond to FSH
margins poorly defined yet bound tightly (occluding)
Forms continuous sheeat around the lumen
Forms blood-testis barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of sertoli cells?

A

Protect developing spermatids
Physical support - extensive cytoplasmic ramifications of sertoli cells
Phagocytosis of residual bodies
secretion - fluid for sperm transport, ABP, inhibin, AMH and activin (positive feedback on FSH secretion)
Nutritional regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How doe spermatogenic cells receive nutrients?

A

Isolation of developing spermatozoa from blood so sertoli cell exchange nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

A

sexual maturity occurs after development of immunocompetence
Prevents developing spermatozoa from being recognized as foreign
Separates seminiferous tubule into two functional compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the blood-testis barrier formed?

A

Continuous belt of occluding junctions joining lateral surfaces of adjacent Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatocytogenesis
Meiosis
spermiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe spermatocytogenesis

A

Division of spermatogonia to form primary spermatocytes via mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe meiosis of primary spermatocyte

A 
Primary spermatocytes (46, 4n) ->
Secondary spermatocytes (23, 2n) ->
Spermatids (23, n)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What stage of the sperm is found in the lumen of seminiferous tubules?

A

final products of spermiogenesis are spermatozoa
Dark, flattened nuclei
have long flagella
Also called late spermatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 major events of spermiogenesis?

A

Development of the flagellum
Development of the acrosome
Development of the manchette
Nuclear condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the cap phase of spermiogenesis

A

Specialized lysosome
Contains a variety of hydrolygic enzymes
Aids in penetrating the ovum during fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis

A

Flagellum emerges from axonemal complex of one centriole forms fibrous rings (9) that surround axoneme
Band of microtubules surrounds nucleus (manchette)

17
Q

Describe the maturation phase of spermiogenesis

A 
Nuclear shaping and condensation
Nucleus flattens and elongates
Somatic histones replaced by sperm-specific histones (protamines)
Mitochondria migrate in
Residual body phagocytozed
Sperm released into the lumen
18
Q

Describe the structure and function of the head component of the sperm

A

Sperm cell membrane: egg receptors
Acrosome: digests ECM and ZP
Nucleus DNA

19
Q

Describe the structure and function of the tail component of the sperm

A

The midpiece: many mitochondria to make ATP for flagellar movement
Tail: axoneme

20
Q

What is primary ciliary dyskinesia?

A

Also called immobile cilia syndrome
It’s a rare ciliopathic autosomal recessive disorder
Defects sin action of cilia lining respiratory tract, Fallopian tube and flagella of sperm cells
No dynein arms

21
Q

What is the temperature maintained in the scrotum?

A

34-35 C

22
Q

What is cryptochidism?

A

undescended testes

Issues for fertility and increased risk of testicular cancer

23
Q

What is acute orchitis?

A

inflammation on the testicle that accompanies mumps 20-30% of the time

24
Q

What is varicocele?

A

Dilation of veins in spermatic cord

Causes a decrease in sperm production

25
Q

Describe the structure, location, and function of the genital duct system in males

A

Continuous with seminiferous tubules
Extend from straight tubules/rete testis
intratesticular and excretory portions
important in maturation, storage and transport of spermatozoa
Testosterone necessary for normal function

26
Q

What are the function of the epididymis ?

A

Sperm transport to tail for storage until ejaculation

Maturation: acquire forward motility pattern and specific surface proteins

27
Q

Describe the ductus deferens

A 
From epididymis to prostate gland
30 cm
From mesonephric duct
Surrounded by 3 layers of smooth muscle 
Contractions move sperm
28
Q

What are the secretions of the seminal vesicles ?

A 
Alkaline - neutralize acid in female
Viscous fluid
Fructose - for ATP production by sperm
Citrate, PGs, and other proteins for coagulation of semen 
60-70% of human ejaculate
29
Q

What are the secretions of the prostate gland?

A

30% of seminal fluid volume
PAP
PSA: maintain semen fluidity by acting as an anticoagulant

30
Q

What is the prostate surrounded by?

A

highly vascularized, capsule of DICT and SM m.

Smooth muscle forces ejection of prostatic fluid to mix into seminal fluid during ejaculation

31
Q

What is the formation, synthesis and release of the prostate gland regulated by ?

A

DHT

32
Q

How do you definitely recognize the prostate?

A

the corpora amylase a
Lamellated bodies that form by precipitation of secretory material around cell fragments
These may become calcified

33
Q

What is the adult prostatic parenchyma commonly clinically divided into?

A 
four zones
Peripheral 
Central 
Transitional
Peri urethral
34
Q

What zone of the prostate does benign prostatic hyperplasia form from?

A

central zone

35
Q

what zone of the prostate does prostate cancer form from?

A

peripheral zone

36
Q

What is the most common benign neoplasm among men?

A

BPH

37
Q

What is SCOS?

A 
Sertoli cell only syndrome:
Germinal cell aphasia 
Spermatogenesis cells absent
Leydig cells- reindeer cyrstalloids
Permanent and irreversible azoospermia
Congenital or acquired (radiation, chemo, trauma)

Repro I (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions