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ANAT101 > OSTEOLOGY > Flashcards

OSTEOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System

A
  1. support
  2. protection
  3. movement
  4. mineral homeostasis
  5. RBC production
  6. triglyceride storage
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2
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System - Support

A
  • structural framework of body
  • provides area for attachment (tendons -> skel muscle)
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3
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System - Protection

A
  • protects internal organs
    eg. cranium -> brain
    eg. vertebrae -> SC
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4
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System - Movement

A
  • skel muscle attaches bone -> bone
  • skel muscle contraction pulls on bone -> movement occurs
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5
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System - Mineral Homeostasis

A
  • bone tissue stores minerals eg. calcium (99% of body content), phosphorus
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6
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System - Blood Cell Production

A
  • haemopoiesis -> red bone marrow produces RBC, WBC, platelets
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7
Q

Functions of Bone + Skeletal System - Triglyceride storage

A
  • yellow bone marrow
  • triglycerides stored in adipose tissue
  • chemical energy reserve
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8
Q

Structure of Osseous tissue

A
  • extracellular matrix:
    25% water
    25% collagen fibres
    50% crystallised mineral salts
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9
Q

How many bones in the body?

A
  • 206
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10
Q

Types of Bone tissue

Compact / Osteons

A
  • calcium
  • rigid
  • inorganic
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11
Q

Types of Bone Tissue

Spongy / Trabacluae

A
  • collagen fibres
  • flexibile
  • organic
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12
Q

Types of bone cells

A
  • osteogenic cell
  • osteoblast
  • osteocyte
  • osteoclast
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13
Q

What is a osteogenic cell?

A
  • stem cell (a cell that has not yet differentiated)
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14
Q

What is an osteoblast?

A
  • Bone growth
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15
Q

What is an osteocyte?

A
  • communication about pressure and force
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16
Q

What is an osteoclast?

A
  • bone-dissolving cell (remodels the bone to rebuild bone strength)
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17
Q

What is bone tissue arranged into when torsional (bending) stress is high?

A
  • osteons (compact bone)
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18
Q

What is bone tissue arranged into when compressive stress is high?

A
  • trabeculae (spongy bone)
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19
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A
  • compact -> osteons
  • spongy -> trabeculae
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20
Q

Axial Skeleton

A
  • bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human
    body
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21
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A
  • bones of the upper and lower limbs
  • bones forming the girdles (attachments into the trunk)
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22
Q

Long bones

A
  • longer than wide eg. femur
23
Q

Short bone

A
  • roughly cubical eg. wrist (carpals)
24
Q

Flat bones

A
  • provide area for muscle attachment eg. sternum, scapula
25
Irregular bones
- no regular shape or characterisations eg. vertebra
26
Sesamoid bone
- small round bones embedded in muscles or tendons eg. patella
27
5 functions of Bone Markings
- strengthen bone - passageway for muscles, nerves, blood vessels ect - bone to bone articulation - attachment sites - landmarks for palpation
28
# projection Projection / Process - bony landmarks
- allow for muscle attachment - raised, projecting shape eg. spinous process; acromial process; radial styloid process
29
# projection Angles - bony landmark
- sharp bony projection - attachm point for soft tissue or bone eg. sup, inf, + acromial angles of the scapula; sup, inf lat angles of occipital bone; angle of the mandible
30
Body - bony landmark
- largest segment of a bone eg. diaphysis / shat of long bones (femur/humerus)
31
# depression Canal - bony landmarks
- passageway thru a bone eg. optic canal
32
# projection Condyle - bony landmarks
- large rounded feature - structural support to overlying hyaline cartilage eg. femoral lat + med condyles; tibial lat + med condyles; occipital condyles articulating w atlas (C1)
33
# projection Crest - bony landmarks
- raised part of the edge of a bone - CT attaches muscle to bone eg. iliac crest (on the ilium)
34
# projection Epicondyle - bony landmarks
- sits at the top of a condyle - attaches muscle + CT to bone eg. femoral med + lat epicondyles; humeral med + lat epicondyles
35
# depression Facet - bony landmarks
- smooth, flat surface - 2 bones meet to form a joint eg. articular faces of the vertebrae for flexion extension of the spine
36
# depression Fissure - bony landmarks
- split in/bw bones - houses nerves + blood vessels eg. sup + inf orbital fissures
37
# depression Foramen - bony landmarks
- hole in bone - nerves + blood vessels pass eg. foramen magnum; supraorbital foramen; infraorbital foramen; mental foramen
38
# depression Fossa - bony landmarks
- shallow depression in bone surface - articulation - attach muscles + tendons eg. radial fossa; post, medial + ant cranial fossae
39
# depression Fovea - bony landmarks
- shallow pit - attachment of ligaments eg. fovea capitis of the femur
40
# depression Groove - bony landmarks
- long shallow depression on bone surface - allows a blood vessel/nerve to travel length of bone eg. radial groove of humerus
41
# articular surface Head - bony landmarks
- rounded end of bone - forms part of a joint eg. head of the radius; head of the femur
42
# projection Line - Bony landmarks
- ridge along a bone - attach musc to bone eg. arcuate line of the ilium
43
# projection Margin - bony landmarks
- edge of any flat bone eg. acetabular margin of the ilium
44
# depression Meatus - bony landmarks
- tube-like channel X get thru - passageway for nerves, bv + sound eg. ext acoustic meatus, int auditory meatus
45
# depression Notch - bony landmarks
- depression - stabilises adj articulating bone eg. trochlear notch on the ulna; radial notch of the ulna; suprasternal notch; mandibular notch
46
# articular surface Neck - bony landmarks
- segment between head + shaft of a bone. Eg. anatomical neck of the humerus
47
# projection Protuberance - bony landmarks
- bump or outgrowth on a bone. eg. external occipital protuberance
48
# edges/borders Ramus - bony landmarks
- curved part - gives struct support eg. ramus of the mandible
49
# depression Sinus - bony landmarks
- cavity within a bone. eg. sphenoidal sinus
50
# deperssion Sulcus - bony landmarks
- long shallow depression on the bone surface - bv/nerve to travel length of bone eg. intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
51
# projection Trochanter - bony landmarks
- large feature on the side of the bone eg. greater and lesser trochanters of the femur
52
# projection Tubercle - bony landmarks
- small rounded - where CT attaches eg. greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus
53
# projection Tuberosity - bony landmarks
- larger bump - where CT attaches eg. tibial tuberosity; deltoid tuberosity; ischial tuberosity
54
Difference + Similarity bw a Tuberosity and Tubercle
Tuberosity -> - larger, more prominent projection on a bone Tubercle -> - smaller, rounded bony feature Both -> - prov area for attachment of muscles and ligaments

ANAT101 (16 decks)

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