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ANAT101 > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A
  • union bw 2 or more bones
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2
Q

What is a joint classified by?

A
  • structure (tissue type: fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)
  • amt of movement available (immobile, slightly mob, freely mob)
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3
Q

Amount of movement in Fibrous tissue depends on

A

Length of dense fibrous connective tissue that connect with bones in the joint

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4
Q

Eg of Fibrous joint

A
  • suture
  • syndesmosis
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5
Q

Eg of Fibrous joint - Suture

where is it found?
structure?
movement?

A
  • F: found in skull
  • S: bones linked by short fibres of CT
  • M: no movement
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6
Q

Eg of Fibrous joint - Syndesmosis

where is it found?
structure?
movement?

A
  • F: forearm + leg
  • S: bones are linked by longer bands of CT
  • M: slightly mobile
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7
Q

Amount of movement in Cartilaginous joints depends on

A
  • type of cartilage:
    1. hyaline -> provides smooth gliding movement due to slippery surface eg. end of long bones, nose, rib cage
  1. elastic -> highly flexible, able to bend + return to natural shape eg. ear canal, epiglottis
  2. fibrocartilage -> limited movement, provides strong support + shock absorption due to dense collagen fibres eg. intervert discs, pubic symphysis
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8
Q

Function of Cartilaginous joints

A
  • cartilaginous tissue that joins the bones
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9
Q

Eg of Cartilaginous joints

A
  • primary cartilaginous/synchondrosis
  • secondary cartilaginous/symphysis
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10
Q

Eg of Cartilaginous joints - Primary Cartilaginous / Synchondrosis

where is it found?
structure?
movement?

A
  • F: at epiphyseal plates (where bone growth occurs)
  • S: entirely hyaline cartilage, eventually ossifies
  • M: epiphyseal line -> immobile
    first sternocostal joint -> v limited mob
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11
Q

Eg of Cartilaginous joints - Secondary Cartilaginous / Symphysis

where is it found?
structure?
movement?

A
  • F: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
  • S: fibrocartilage binding 2
    bones together
  • M: slightly mobile
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12
Q

Function of Synovial joints

A
  • joints between bones that are lined with articular cartilage and surrounded by a joint capsule.
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13
Q

Amount of movement in Synovial joints depends on

A
  • shape of the joint eg. ball socket joint = highly moveable
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14
Q

Eg of Synovial joints

A
  • ball and socket (hip joint)
  • hinge (elbow)
  • pivot (bw C1 + C2 vertebrae)
  • saddle (bw trapezium carpal bone + 1st metacarpal bone)
  • condyloid (bw radius + carpal bones of wrist)
  • plane joint (bw tarsal bones)
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15
Q

What is a uniaxial movement ?
Eg of uniaxial movement

A
  • 1 pair of movement eg. hinge, pivot
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16
Q

What is a biaxial movement ?
Eg of biaxial movement

A
  • 2 pairs of movements eg. ellipsoid, condyloid, saddle
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17
Q

What is a multi-axial movement ?
Eg of multi-axial movement

A
  • 3 pairs of movements eg. ball + socket, plane
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18
Q

Sagittal/Anteroposterior axes line of movement

A
  • horizontal line
  • front -> back
19
Q

Sagittal/Anteroposterior axes movement eg.

A
  • add/abd
  • lat flexion
  • star jumps
20
Q

Sagittal/Anteroposterior axes crosses what plane?

21
Q

Vertical/Longitudinal axes line of movement

A
  • vertical line
  • top -> bottom
22
Q

Vertical/Longitudinal axes line of movement eg.

A
  • rotation eg. backflip
23
Q

Vertical/Longitudinal axis crosses what plane?

A
  • transverse
24
Q

Transverse/Mediolateral/Horizontal axes line of movement

A
  • horizontal line
  • L -> R side of body
25
Q

Transverse/Mediolateral/Horizontal axes line of movement eg.

A
  • flex / ext
  • plantar / dosri
    eg. running
26
Q

Transverse/Mediolateral/Horizontal axis what plane crosses?

27
Q

Active movement

A
  • produced by muscle contraction
28
Q

Passive movement

A
  • produced by an ext force
29
Q

Passive physiological movement

A
  • movement can also be produced actively
30
Q

Passive accessory

A
  • movement X be produced actively
  • moving articular surfaces w in a joint capsule
31
Q

Angular Movements

A

Horizontal/Transverse/Mediolateral axis:
- flexion + extension
Anteroposterior/Sagittal axis:
- adduction + abduction

32
Q

Rotational Movements

A

Longitudinal/Vertical axis:
- int/med rotation
- ext/lat rotation
- pronation + supination

33
Q

Synovial joint classification

A
    • degrees of freedom: (no of axes about which movement occurs)
    • joint axes: (sagittal/AP, longitudinal/vert, medoilat/horizont/transv)
  2. by structure (uniax: hinge, picot; biax: ellipsoid, condyl, sadd; multiax: ball + socket, plane)
34
Q

Roll

A
  • one surface rolls around another
  • new parts of both surfaces come into contact w each other
35
Q

Spin

A
  • one surface spins w respect to the other surface around a central axis
36
Q

Slide

A
  • new parts of one surface comes into contact w the same part of the other surface
37
Q

What is the Closed Packed Position?

A
  • greatest joint stability achieved for least energy
    eg. knee = extended leg
    eg. hip = all ligaments have tension
    eg. ankle = dorsiflexion
38
Q

Structure of Ligaments

A
  • bands of fibrous CT that join bones together in joints
39
Q

Functions of Ligaments

A
  • acts as a mechanical constraint (protect joints from injury)
  • prevents undesired movement (stabilise joints)
  • prov proprioceptive feedback apt position + movement of joints to the brain
40
Q

Types of ligaments

A
  1. Intra-capsular (deep to capsule)
    eg. ACL + PCL
  2. Capsular (re-enforces capsule)
    eg. ilio femoral ligament
  3. Extra-capsular (sits outside the capsule)
    eg. lateral collateral ligament
41
Q

Structure of Bursae

A
  • fluid-filled sacs around synovial joints
42
Q

Function of Bursae

A
  • reduce friction
43
Q

Structure of Articular Discs

A
  • fibrocartilaginous pads bw articular surfaces of some synovial joints
44
Q

Function of Articular Discs

A
  • shock absorbers
  • permit diff movements to occur in the joint
  • aid mechanical fit bw articular surfaces
  • restrain movement
  • assist lubricantion

ANAT101 (6 decks)

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