Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Hip joint classification

A
  • synovial, multiaxial,
    ball-and-socket
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2
Q

Articular surfaces of the Hip joint

A
  • Head of femur
  • Acetabulum of hip bone
    (innominate)
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3
Q

Structure of the Head of the Femur

A
  • “ball”, covered in articular cartilage in all areas EXCEPT the fovea capitis
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4
Q

What are the 2 areas of the Acetabulum?

A

1. semilunar area (lunate surface):
- covered w articular cartliage
2. acetabular fossa:
- non-articular area

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5
Q

Structure of the Lunate Surface

A
  • covered with articular cartilage (hayline)
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6
Q

Function of the Lunate Surface

A
  • ⬇️ friction
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7
Q

What is the Acetabular notch bridges by?

A
  • bridged by transverse ligament of the acetabulum
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8
Q

Structure of the Acetabular Labrum

A
  • fibrocartilaginous wedge attached around acetabular rim
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9
Q

Function of the Acetabular Labrum

A
  • deepens the acetabulum
    → increases stability
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10
Q

Structure of Acetabular Fossa

A
  • X articular area
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11
Q

Function of Acetabular Fossa

A
  • attach to ligamentum teres
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12
Q

Structure of the Acetabular Fat Pad

A
  • w in acetabular fossa
  • X articular
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13
Q

Function of the Acetabular Fat Pad

A
  • store and secrete synovial fluid
  • proprioception
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14
Q

Structure of the Articular Capsule

A
  • outler layer: fibrous CT
  • inner layer: syn membrane (loose CT- lubricates joint)
  • capsular ligaments
  • thickest ant + sup
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15
Q

Where is Synovial Membrane found in the hip joint?

A
  • lines internal surface of articular
    capsule and covers acetabular labrum
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16
Q

Hip joint movements - flexion and extension

A
  • Flexion: 120°
  • Extension: 20°
17
Q

Hip joint movements - adduction + abduction

A
  • Abduction: 45°
  • Adduction: 45°
18
Q

Hip joint movements - Medial/internal + lateral/external rotation

A
  • Medial/internal rotation: 45°
  • Lateral/external rotation: 45°
19
Q

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Iliofemoral lig - origin and insertion

anterior

A
  • O: AIIS and acetabular rim
  • I: intertrochanteric
    line
20
Q

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Bands of the Iliofemoral ligament

anterior

A
  1. Superior band:
    - ⬇️ ext, add
    and lat rotation
  2. Inferior band:
    - ⬇️ ext and
    lat rotation
21
Q

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Pubofemoral lig origin + insertion

anteroinferiorly

A

O: iliopubic eminence
I: lower part of
intertrochanteric line
* Blends with inferior band of
iliofemoral ligament

anteroinferiorly

22
Q

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Pubofemoral lig function

anteroinferiorly

A
  • ⬇️ ext, abd,
    and lat/ext rotation

anteroinferiorly

23
Q

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Ischiofemoral lig origin + insertion

posterior

A
  • O: body of ischium
  • I: neck + root of greater trochanter

posterior

24
Q

Capsular Ligaments in the Hip Joint

Ischiofemoral lig function

A
  • ⬇️ ext, abd,
    and med rotation
25
Q

Capsular Ligmanents

standing
extension
flexion

A
  • Under moderate tension during standing
  • Taut during extension
  • Relaxed during flexion
26
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

Transverse ligament of acetabulum origin

A
  • O: bridges acetabular notch
27
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

Ligamentum teres origin and insertion

enclosed in syn membrane

A
  • O: acetabular notch and transverse ligament of acetabulum
  • I: fovea capitis

enclosed in syn membrane

28
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

Ligamentum teres function

A
  • in adults = ?
  • in children = has a small artery in early life that becomes obliterated in late childhood
29
Q

Trochanteric Bursa - location

A
  • bw greater
    trochanter and iliotibial tract
30
Q

Iliopectineal Bursa (aka iliposoas bursa) - location

A
  • bw articular capsule
    of hip joint and iliopsoas tendon
31
Q

Structure and function of Bursae

A
  • s: syniovial fluid-filled sac
  • f: reduce friction / lubrication
32
Q

Factors increasing stability at the hip joint

A
  • head + socket = congruent
  • acetabular labrum (deepens it)
  • capsular ligaments (strengthens)
  • muscles –> bring joint surfaces together
  • angle of inclination:
    - approx. 125°
    - increases contact area of articular surfaces
33
Q

Hip Joints Closed-Packed Position

A

extension
medial roation
abduction