Osteology Flashcards
appendicul/o
limb; small attached part
axi/o
axis
articul/o
joint
arthr/o
joint
a-
away from; without
-ar
pertaining to
align/o
arranged in a straight line
-al
pertaining to
ankyl/o
fused together; stiff
alg/o
pain
amputate/o
to cut off
amput/o
to cut of
aut/o
self
all/o
other; strange
-ation
a process; being or having
an-
without
anti-
against
bunion/o
bunion
coron/o
structure that encircles (crown)
crani/o
cranium (skull)
cost/o
rib
chondr/o
cartilage
cartilagin/o
cartilage
cervic/o
neck; cervix
caccyg/o
coccyx (tail bone)
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
carp/o
wrist
cortic/o
cortex (outer region)
comminute/o
break into small pieces
compress/o
press together
congenit/o
present at birth
corpor/o
body
diaphys/o
shaft of a bone
dactyl/o
finger or toe
de-
reversal of
dextr/o
right
dis-
away from
densit/o
densitry
ethm/o
sieve
-ed
pertaining to
extra-
outside of
-ee
person who is the object of an action
-ectomy
surgical incision
extern/o
outside
front/o
front
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
fibul/o
fibula (lower leg bone)
fract/o
break up
fixat/o
to make stable or still
glen/o
socket of a joint
gen/o
arising from; produced by
gener/o
production; creation
-graphy
process of recording
-gram
a record or picture
goni/o
angle
-graft
tissue for implant or transplant
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
hy/o
u-shaped structure
hem/o
blood
ili/o
ilium (hip bone; renal pelvis)
ischi/o
ischium (hip bone)
-ia
condition; state; thing
-ic
pertaining to
-ion
action; condition
-itis
inflammation of; infection of
-ization
process of making, creating, or inserting
intra-
within
inflammat/o
redness and warmth
kyph/o
bent; humpbacked
lacrim/o
tears
ligament/o
ligament
lord/o
swayback
lev/o
left
locat/o
place
mascul/o
muscle
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jaw)
maxilla/o
maxilla (upper jaw)
mast/o
breast; mastoid process
medull/o
medulla (inner region)
mal-
bad; inadequate
-ment
action; state
malac/o
softening
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin
mineral/o
mineral; electrolyte
-metry
process of measuring
-meter
instrument used to measure
nas/o
nose
necr/o
dead cells, tissues, or body
non-
not
osse/o
bone
oste/o
bone
occipit/o
occiput (occipital; back of the head)
ossificat/o
changing into bone
-oma
tumor
-osis
condition; abnormal condition; process
-osing
a condition of doing
-olishthesis
abnormal condition with slipping
-oid
resembling
orth/o
straight
palat/o
palate
pariet/o
wall of a cavity
pelv/o
pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis)
pub/o
pubis (hip bone)
perone/o
fibula (lower leg bone)
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
path/o
disease; suffering
por/o
small openings; pores
-pathy
disease; suffering
physic/o
body
presthet/o
artificial part
-plasty
process of reshaping by surgery
radi/o
radius (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation
rheumat/o
water discharge
reduct/o
to bring back; decrease
re-
again and again; backward; unable to
skelet/o
skeleton
sagitt/o
going from front to back
sphen/o
wedge shaped
styl/o
stake
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
sacr/o
sacrum
spin/o
spine; backbone
synovi/o
synovium (membrane)
scoli/o
curved; crooked
spondyl/o
vertebra
scint/i
point of light
-scopy
process of using an instrument to examine
sorb/o
to suck up
-steroid
steroid
steroid/o
steroid
termor/o
temple (side of the head)
thorac/o
thorax (chest)
tars/o
ankle
trans-
across; through
-tic
pertaining to
tom/o
cut; slice; layer
tract/o
pulling
transplant/o
move something to another place
-tome
instrument used to cut; area with distinct edges
-tion
a process; being or having
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone)
-ure
sytsem; result of
vertebr/p
vertebra
vascul/o
blood vessel
-verse
to travel; to turn
xiph/o
sword
acetabulum
Cup-shaped deep socket in the hip bone that is formed by the ilium and the pubic bone. It is where the head of the femur fits to make the hip joint.
articular cartilage
cartilage covering the ends of two bones that make up a synovial joint.
calcaneus
Largest of the ankle bones. It is also known as the heel bone.
carpal bones
The eight small bones of the wrist joint
carp/o-
wrist
cervical vertebrae
Vertebrae C1-C7 of the vertebral column in the neck.
atlas
C1
axis.
C2
cervic/o-
CF-neck; cervix
clavicle
Rodlike bone along each shoulder; joins with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula.
clavicle
collar bone
coccyx
Group of several small, fused vertebrae inferior to the sacrum; tail bone.
cranium
Dome-like bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures.
diaphysis
The straight shaft of a long bone
epiphysis
One of the two widened ends of a long bone. It contains the epiphyseal plate where bone growth takes place.
femur
Longest bone in body; upper leg; thigh bone.
fibula
Thinner of the two bones in the lower leg, located on the little toe side.
foramen
A hole in a bone
hallux
The great toe.
humerus
Long bone of the upper arm.The head fits into the glenoid fossa of the scapula to make the shoulder joint.
ilium
Most superior hip bone. It has a broad, flaring iliac crest. Posteriorly each joins the sacrum, and contains the acetabulum, the deep socket of the hip joint.
intervertebral disk
circular disks with two flat surfaces; Disk between two vertebrae.
joint
Area where two bones come together. It is also known as an articulation.
articulation
Area where two bones come together. It is also known as a joint
articul/o-
CF -joint
ligament
Fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint. Stps bones from moving too much or in the wrong direction
lumbar vertebrae
Vertebrae L1-L5 of the vertebral column in the lower back.
lumb/o-
CF -lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis
mandible
Facial bone that is the lower jaw and contains the roots of the lower teeth; the only movable bone in the skull; forms a joint in front of the ear with the temporal bone.
maxillary bones
Two of these fused together form the facial bone that is the immovable upper jaw bone.
meniscus
Crescent shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints such as the knee.
metacarpal bones
The five bones of the hand, one corresponding to each finger; distal to the carpal bones and proximal to the phalanges.
metatarsal bones
The five bones of the midfoot, one corresponding to each toe; distal to the ankle bones and proximal to the phalanges.
patella
Thick, round bone anterior to the knee joint; the kneecap.
periosteum
Thick, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone.
oste/o-
CF -bone
phalanx
One of the individual bones of a finger or toe.
digit
finger
ray
toe
radius
Forearm bone located along the thumb side of the lower arm.
rib
one of twelve pairs of bones that form the sides of the thorax.
cost/o-
CF- rib
sacrum
Group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae.
scapula
Triangular shaped bone on each side of the upper back; shoulder blade.
sternum
Vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached; breast bone.
synovial joint
A fully movable joint.two types
hinge joint
elbow and knee; synovial joint
ball and socket
shoulder and hip;synovial joint
Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae T1-T12 of the vertebral column in the area of the chest; joins with one pair of ribs.
thorac/o-
CF -thorax (chest)
thorax
Bony cage of the chest that contains the thoracic cavity with the heart, lungs, and other structures; the rib cage.
Tibia
Large, weight bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side; shin bone
ulna
Forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm.
olecranon
point of the elbow is a large, square, bony projection on the proximal end.
chondroma
Benign tumor of the cartilage.
fracture
Broken bone due to an accident, injury, or disease process. Categorized according to how the bone breaks.
pathologic fracture
A fracture caused by a disease process such as osteoporosis, bone caner, or metasteses to the bone.
closed fracture
Any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin.
open fracture
Any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin; compound fracture.
compound fracture
Any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin. AKA: open fracture
Colles’ fracture .
Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
comminuted fracture
Bone is crushed into several small pieces
compression fracture
Vertebrae are compressed together when a person falls onto the buttocks or when a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease.
greenstick fracture
bone is broken on only one side. This occurs in children because part of the bone is still flexible cartilage.
osteomalacia
Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D in the diet or inadequate exposure to the sun whose rays make vitamin D in the skin.
malac/o-
CF -softening
Axial skeleton
bones of the head, chest and spine
myel/o-
CF -bone marrow: spinal cord: myelin
osteoporosis .
Abnormal thinning of the bone structure
kyphosis
Abnormal, excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine; humpback or hunchback.
lordosis
Abnormal, excessive anter curavture of the lumbar spine; swayback
scoliosis
Abnormal, excessive, C-shpaed or S-shaped lateral curvature of the spine.
arthralgia
Pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes
dislocation
Displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint.
gout
Metabolic disorder that occurs most often in men. There is a high level of uric acid in the blood.
Lyme disease
Arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick.
osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease; Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, particularly the large weight-bearing joints (knees, hips) and joints that move repeatedly. (shoulders, neck, hands)
degenerative joint disease (DJD)
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
Acute and chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue, particularly of the joints. An autoimmune disorder in which the patient’s own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue.
sprain
Overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint.
hallux valgus
Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes.
osteoma
a benign tumor of the bone.
osteosarcoma
Malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone, multiply uncontrollably; osteogenic sarcoma
osteogenic
pertaining to arising from the bone
sarcoma
tumor or mass of connective tissue
rheumatoid factor (RF)
Blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
arthrography
Procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint.
arthrogram
x-ray, CT, or MRI image done with an arthrography.
bone density test
Procedure that measures the bone mineral density (BMD) to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured.
DEXA scan
Bone density test that uses two x-ray beams with different energy levels to create a two-dimensional image.
closed reduction
Procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment without the need for surgery.
prosthesis
Orthopedic device such as an artifical leg for a patient who has had an amputation of a limb
amputation
Procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma, cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus.
arthrocentesis
Procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space. Also done to inject a drug to control inflammation and pain.
arthrodesis
Procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint.
arthroscopy
Procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint.
bone graft
Procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer
bunionectomy
Procedure to remove the prominent part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion.
joint replacement surgery
Procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed by disease or osteoarthritis; arthroplasty
arthroplasty
joint replacement surgery
AKA
Above the Knee Amputation
BKA
Below the Knee Amputation
DEXA
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DIP
Distal InterPhalangeal (joint)
DJD
Degenerative Joint Disease
Fx
Fracture
LLE
Left Lower Extremity
LUE
Left Upper Extremity
NSAID
NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
OA
OsteoArthritis
PIP
Proximal InterPhalangeal (joint)
RA
Rheumatoid Arthritis
RLE
Right Lower ExtremityROM Range Of Motion
RUE
Right Upper Extremity
THR
Total Hip Replacement
Ribs number
12 pairs
True Ribs
(1-7)Attached to the vertebrae posteriorly & the sternum anteriorly
False Ribs
(8-10) Attached to the vertebrae posteriorly & sternum indirectly by cartiledge
Floating Rib
Pairs 11 & 12
Cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
fossa
shallow bone impression where the head of the humerus joins the scapula to make the shoulder joint
Iliac crest
superior flaring part of the hip bone
Ischium
most inferior of the hip bone
synovial joint
joint that is fully movable
suture joint
between cranial bone; immovable
symphysis joint
between vertebrae; slightly movable
osteoclasts
A bone cell that breaks down substances
osteoblasts
deposit new bone tissue in those areas of osteoclast removed; immature bone cell
osteocytes
A bone cell that maintains the minimal content
Cancellous bone
spongy bone in the epiphyses(end) of long bones filled with red marrow-skull, clavicle, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, & hip
Cortical bone
dense compact weight bearing bone along the diaphysis or shaft of a long bone
Osteoporpsis treatment
bone density test; drug to decrease rate of bone resorption; drug to activate estradiol receptors; Calcium supplement
Corticosteroid
decrease severe inflammation, treat rheumatoid arthritis and some can be given by intra-articular injection into the joint.
Appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, & legs
Nucleous pulpous
geletinous substance between the intervertebral disks; used for cushioning
Glenoid
socket of a joint
Greater trochanter
fits into the ilium at the acetabulum
ileum
third part of the small intestine; vitamin B absorption
axi/o-
CF- axis
cervic/o-
CF -neck; cervix
glen/o-
CF -socket of a joint
articul/o-
CF- joint
oste/o-
CF-bone
-clast
S-cell that breaks down substances
-blast
S-immature cell
por/o-
CF-small openings; pores
malac/o-
CF-softening
Chondr/o-
CF-cartilage
myel/o-
CF-bone marrow; spinal cord
epiphys/o-
CF-growth area on the end of a bone
ili/o-
ilium-hip bone
strain
over stretch tendon
arthralgia
condition of joint pain
hemarthrosis
blood in the joint cavity from trauma or a wound
corticosteroid drugs
used to suppress inflammation
Arthrodesis
surgical procedure to fuse the bones;
-desis
S-procedure to fuse together and last
Reduct/o-
CF-to bring back; decrease
orth/o-
CF-straight
myel/o-
CF- bone marrow
-trophy
S-process of development
-rrhaphy
S-to suture together
my/p-
CF- muscle
-plasty
CF- surgical repair
scoli/o-
CF- curved
