Chapter 4 DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Infection

Answer 1

A viral or bacterial infection of the nose or throat

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Hyperactivity of bronchioles and bronchi. Known as bronchospasms. Inflammations narrows the passageways, thus making it hard to breathe.

Question 3

Bronchitis

Answer 3

Acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi. Causes cough, excess mucus (sputum) production.

Question 4

Bronchiectasis

Answer 4

Chronic and permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity in the bronchioles.

Question 5

Pleural friction rub

Answer 5

Creaking, grating, rubbing sound when the inflamed pleura rub during breathing.

Question 6

Rales

Answer 6

Irregular cracking or bubbling during inhalation. Caused by infection of alveoli or irritation.

Question 7

Rhonchi

Answer 7

Humming, whistling sounds during inhalation and exhalation. Caused by swelling, mucus or a foreign obstruction.

Question 8

Stridor

Answer 8

High pitched sounds during breathing that is caused by the larynx.

Question 9

Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 9

Severe destruction to the alveoli from inhalation, burns, or infection. The stop making surfacants and collapse with each breath.

Question 10

Atelectasis

Answer 10

Also known as a collapsed lung. The inability for a lung to expand properly.

Question 11

COPD

Answer 11

Combination of Bronchitis and Emphysema. It is caused by constant exposure to smoking and pollution.
Alveoli becomes inflated and they rupture.

Question 12

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 12

A inherited genetic disease where mucus is overproduced, causing difficulty of breathing.

Question 13

Empyema

Answer 13

A localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity.

Usually cured by antibiotics.

Question 14

Influenza

Answer 14

Acute infection of the upper and lower respiratory system.

Highly contagious.

Question 15

Legionnarie’s Disease

Answer 15

Severe bacterial infection of the lungs that is associated to entering a new area.

Question 16

Lung cancer

Answer 16

Cancerous tumours that is highly linked so smoking.

Question 17

Occupational Lung Disease

Answer 17

Constant inhalation of particles inflame the alveoli.

Question 18

Pneumonia

Answer 18

Infection of some or all lobes of the lung. Fluid fills the alveoli and causes difficulty breathing.

Question 19

Aspiration Pneumonia

Answer 19

Pneumonia caused by certain inhalants.

Question 20

Bacterial Pneumonia

Answer 20

” caused by bacteria

Question 21

Broncho Pneumonia

Answer 21

Infects the bronchi, bronchiole, and the alveoli

Question 22

Double Pneumonia

Answer 22

Infects both lungs

Question 23

Lobar Pneumonia

Answer 23

Infects all or one lobes

Question 24

Pneumnococcal Pneumonia

Answer 24

Caused by strep

Question 25

P. Jiroveci Pneumonia

Answer 25

Caused by the Fungus P. Jiroveci

Question 26

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 26

Fluid collects in the alveoli due to blood being backed up since the left side of the heart failed to pump blood properly.

Question 27

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 27

Blockage of the pulmonary artery by an embolus, cutting off oxygen supply.

Question 28

SARS

Answer 28

Viral respiratory disease that can be fatal.

Question 29

TB

Answer 29

Lung infection caused by the bacteria M. Tuberculosis. They are harmless until immunity decreases.

Question 30

Hemothorax

Answer 30

Blood in the thoracic cavity

Question 31

Pleural Effusion

Answer 31

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation.

Question 32

Pleurisy

Answer 32

Inflammation of pleura due to lung infections or trauma.

Question 33

Pneumothorax

Answer 33

Large volume of air in the thorax, they can compress and collapse the lung.

Question 34

Apnea

Answer 34

A spontaneous disruption or absence ob breathing

Question 35

Bradypnea

Answer 35

Slow breathing

Question 36

Cough

Answer 36

Mechanism to expel out any waste in the trachea

Question 37

Dyspnea

Answer 37

Difficult breathing due to illnesses.

Question 38

Orthopnea

Answer 38

The need to be in an upright posture in order to breathe properly.

Question 39

Tachypnea

Answer 39

Fast breathing.

Question 40

Anoxia

Answer 40

Complete absence of O2.

Question 41

Asphysxia

Answer 41

High levels of CO2 and low levels of O2

Question 42

Cyanosis

Answer 42

Blue discolouration of the skin due to the lack of oxygen.

Question 43

Hypercapnia

Answer 43

Abnormally high levels of CO2

Question 44

Hypoxemia

Answer 44

Very low oxygen concentration.