Chapter 4 DISEASES AND DISORDERS Flashcards
Upper Respiratory Infection
A viral or bacterial infection of the nose or throat
Asthma
Hyperactivity of bronchioles and bronchi. Known as bronchospasms. Inflammations narrows the passageways, thus making it hard to breathe.
Bronchitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi. Causes cough, excess mucus (sputum) production.
Bronchiectasis
Chronic and permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity in the bronchioles.
Pleural friction rub
Creaking, grating, rubbing sound when the inflamed pleura rub during breathing.
Rales
Irregular cracking or bubbling during inhalation. Caused by infection of alveoli or irritation.
Rhonchi
Humming, whistling sounds during inhalation and exhalation. Caused by swelling, mucus or a foreign obstruction.
Stridor
High pitched sounds during breathing that is caused by the larynx.
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Severe destruction to the alveoli from inhalation, burns, or infection. The stop making surfacants and collapse with each breath.
Atelectasis
Also known as a collapsed lung. The inability for a lung to expand properly.
COPD
Combination of Bronchitis and Emphysema. It is caused by constant exposure to smoking and pollution.
Alveoli becomes inflated and they rupture.
Cystic Fibrosis
A inherited genetic disease where mucus is overproduced, causing difficulty of breathing.
Empyema
A localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity.
Usually cured by antibiotics.
Influenza
Acute infection of the upper and lower respiratory system.
Highly contagious.
Legionnarie’s Disease
Severe bacterial infection of the lungs that is associated to entering a new area.
Lung cancer
Cancerous tumours that is highly linked so smoking.
Occupational Lung Disease
Constant inhalation of particles inflame the alveoli.
Pneumonia
Infection of some or all lobes of the lung. Fluid fills the alveoli and causes difficulty breathing.
Aspiration Pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by certain inhalants.
Bacterial Pneumonia
” caused by bacteria
Broncho Pneumonia
Infects the bronchi, bronchiole, and the alveoli
Double Pneumonia
Infects both lungs
Lobar Pneumonia
Infects all or one lobes
Pneumnococcal Pneumonia
Caused by strep
P. Jiroveci Pneumonia
Caused by the Fungus P. Jiroveci
Pulmonary Edema
Fluid collects in the alveoli due to blood being backed up since the left side of the heart failed to pump blood properly.
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage of the pulmonary artery by an embolus, cutting off oxygen supply.
SARS
Viral respiratory disease that can be fatal.
TB
Lung infection caused by the bacteria M. Tuberculosis. They are harmless until immunity decreases.
Hemothorax
Blood in the thoracic cavity
Pleural Effusion
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation.
Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleura due to lung infections or trauma.
Pneumothorax
Large volume of air in the thorax, they can compress and collapse the lung.
Apnea
A spontaneous disruption or absence ob breathing
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
Cough
Mechanism to expel out any waste in the trachea
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing due to illnesses.
Orthopnea
The need to be in an upright posture in order to breathe properly.
Tachypnea
Fast breathing.
Anoxia
Complete absence of O2.
Asphysxia
High levels of CO2 and low levels of O2
Cyanosis
Blue discolouration of the skin due to the lack of oxygen.
Hypercapnia
Abnormally high levels of CO2
Hypoxemia
Very low oxygen concentration.
