Osmosis, Polarity, and Bonding

Question 1

allo-

Answer 1

other

Question 2

nonpolar bond

Answer 2

equal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms

Question 3

polar bond

Answer 3

unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms; each have partial charges

Question 4

ionic bond

Answer 4

complete transfer of one or more electrons between atoms

Question 5

What are the charges on the Hs in H2O?

Answer 5

partial +

Question 6

Water molecules form ____molecular bonds

Answer 6

inter

Question 7

____ dissolves _____

Answer 7

like; like

Question 8

Why is hydrophobicity important?

Answer 8

2/3 of our body is made of water, it’s a universal solvent, determines the transport of molecules, water follows solutes
enzymatic reactions happen in aqueous environments, transporters across membranes and segregation of molecules across membranes

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

movement of molecules from high to low concentrations

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

movement of water from areas of high concentration of water to low “across a semi-permeable membrane”

Question 11

Why does water move from one solution to another through a semi-permeable membrane?

Answer 11

difference in [solutes] between semi-permeable membrane

Question 12

What determines the osmotic pressure of a solution?

Answer 12

the number of solutes in a solution

Question 13

specific channels for water transport

Answer 13

aquaporins

Question 14

What are the positive charges in the aquaporin?

Answer 14

weak bases that have a pKa of at least 8.4 so they are almost all in a protonated state

Question 15

Why does an excess of sorbitol cause diarrhea?

Answer 15

sorbitol is not able to cross PM so it accumulates in intestines and water tries to bring the system in equilibrium

Question 16

Why does cholera cause extreme amounts of diarrhea?

Answer 16

there is an excess of chloride in the intestines

Question 17

Hypnoatremia

Answer 17

brain swelling
there is too little salt in the blood (conc. in brain cells is much higher) – water rushes into cells to bring the system to equilibrium