Osmosis And Diffusion Flashcards
What are four ways materials can pass out of cells?
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Active Transport
- Phagocytosis (only in special cases)
What does the cell surface membrane do?
Regulates the materials that pass in and out of the cell.
Molecules and ions in a liquid or gas move:
Continuously!!! 🎵We love the unstoppable🎵
What are particles described as when they are close together?
Concentrated.
The random movement of particles is due to their own:
Kinetic energy.
When particles are concentrated they tend to spread out, until they are evenly distributed throughout the gas or liquid. What is this called?
Diffusion.
What is the technical definition of “diffusion”?
Think! Never Fly Around Umbrellas!
- Net movement of molecules within a gas or liquid…
- From a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration (DOwn a concentration gradient)…
- As a result of their random movement…
- Until an equilibrium is reached.
What are 3 functions that living organisms do to speed up diffusion?
- Diffusion distances are short
- Concentration gradients are maintained
- Diffusion surfaces are large
What is technical definition of osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules from a region of higher concentration of water molecules to a region of lower concentration of water molecules, down a potential gradient, through a partially permeable membrane.
Which way does water flow during osmosis?
Down a potential gradient.
Which way do substances flow during diffusion?
Down a concentration gradient.
What happens to a plant cell if water leaves it by osmosis?
The cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall and the cell becomes flaccid (floppy)
What happens to a plant cell if water enters it by osmosis?
The cytoplasm pushes hard against the cell wall and the cell becomes turgid (firm)
What happens to an animal/human cell when too much water moves into the cell by osmosis?
The cell takes up the water then swells and bursts. The ‘ghost’ of the cell, just the membrane, is left behind.
What is a summary of active transport?
It can move molecules against a concentration gradient BUT requires energy AND involves protein carriers in membranes.
