Enzymes And Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are the four main groups of organic chemicals used by living things?

Answer 1

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

Question 2

What is the study of organic and inorganic molecules that make up living organisms called?

Answer 2

Biochemistry

Question 3

What is the sum of all the chemical reactions in living organisms called?

Answer 3

Metabolism

Question 4

What are subunits?

Answer 4

Similar smaller molecules that make up large organic molecules.

Question 5

What is the reaction called that splits apart subunits?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

What is the reaction called that joins subunits back together?

Answer 6

Condensation

Question 7

What is the test that is performed to find out if lipids are present in a solution?

Answer 7

The emulsion test.

Question 8

What will happen to a solution after the emulsion test if there are lipids present?

Answer 8

A milky white EMULSION is formed.

Question 9

What is used to test for vitamin C?

Answer 9

DCPIP

Question 10

What is DCPIP?

Answer 10

A blue dye.

Question 11

What will happen to the blue dye (DCPIP) if there is vitamin C present in the solution?

Answer 11

It will lose it’s blue colour.

Question 12

What do you mix into a solution if you want to know if protein is present?

Answer 12

Biuret reagent

Question 13

What will happen to the solution and the Biuret reagent if protein is present?

Answer 13

It will turn a mauve/purple colour.

Question 14

What solution is used to test for starch?

Answer 14

Iodine solution.

Question 15

What will happen to the mixture if starch is present?

Answer 15

It will turn a deep blue-black colour.

Question 16

What is Benedict’s reagent used to test for?

Answer 16

Glucose.

Question 17

What happens to the solution if glucose is present?

Answer 17

It turns an orange/brick red colour.

Question 18

What do anabolic reactions do?

Answer 18

Build up large molecules from smaller ones. This usually requires ENERGY!!

Question 19

What do catabolic reactions do?

Answer 19

They break down larger molecules into smaller ones. They often release ENERGY!!

Question 20

What do catalysts do?

Answer 20

Speed up reactions without themselves being changed by the reaction.

Question 21

What do enzymes function as?

Answer 21

Biological catalysts

Question 22

What are the molecules that react in the enzyme-catalysed reaction called?

Answer 22

Substrates

Question 23

What are the molecules produced in the reaction called?

Answer 23

Products

Question 24

Why are enzymes “specific”?

Answer 24

Most enzymes work on only one kind of substrate.

Remember Pacman!!!

Question 25

What happens to an enzyme if the surrounding temperature is too high?

Answer 25

It loses shape, so can no longer bind to their substrate.

Question 26

What is said to have happened to an enzyme if it becomes misshapen due to high temperatures?

Answer 26

It has become denatured.

Question 27

What is an enzyme’s “optimum temperature”?

Answer 27

The balance between the two temperature effects, too hot and too cold. The enzyme will work best at this temperature.

Question 28

Other than temperature, what else affects enzyme activity?

Answer 28

pH

Question 29

What helps enzymes bind more easily to their substrates?

Answer 29

Activators

Question 30

What makes it more difficult for an enzyme to bind to it’s substrate?

Answer 30

Inhibitors

Question 31

What is the catalase equation?

Answer 31

hydrogen peroxide - oxygen + water