Enzymes And Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main groups of organic chemicals used by living things?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
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2
Q

What is the study of organic and inorganic molecules that make up living organisms called?

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

What is the sum of all the chemical reactions in living organisms called?

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

What are subunits?

A

Similar smaller molecules that make up large organic molecules.

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5
Q

What is the reaction called that splits apart subunits?

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

What is the reaction called that joins subunits back together?

A

Condensation

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7
Q

What is the test that is performed to find out if lipids are present in a solution?

A

The emulsion test.

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8
Q

What will happen to a solution after the emulsion test if there are lipids present?

A

A milky white EMULSION is formed.

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9
Q

What is used to test for vitamin C?

A

DCPIP

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10
Q

What is DCPIP?

A

A blue dye.

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11
Q

What will happen to the blue dye (DCPIP) if there is vitamin C present in the solution?

A

It will lose it’s blue colour.

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12
Q

What do you mix into a solution if you want to know if protein is present?

A

Biuret reagent

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13
Q

What will happen to the solution and the Biuret reagent if protein is present?

A

It will turn a mauve/purple colour.

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14
Q

What solution is used to test for starch?

A

Iodine solution.

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15
Q

What will happen to the mixture if starch is present?

A

It will turn a deep blue-black colour.

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16
Q

What is Benedict’s reagent used to test for?

A

Glucose.

17
Q

What happens to the solution if glucose is present?

A

It turns an orange/brick red colour.

18
Q

What do anabolic reactions do?

A

Build up large molecules from smaller ones. This usually requires ENERGY!!

19
Q

What do catabolic reactions do?

A

They break down larger molecules into smaller ones. They often release ENERGY!!

20
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

Speed up reactions without themselves being changed by the reaction.

21
Q

What do enzymes function as?

A

Biological catalysts

22
Q

What are the molecules that react in the enzyme-catalysed reaction called?

A

Substrates

23
Q

What are the molecules produced in the reaction called?

A

Products

24
Q

Why are enzymes “specific”?

A

Most enzymes work on only one kind of substrate.

Remember Pacman!!!

25
Q

What happens to an enzyme if the surrounding temperature is too high?

A

It loses shape, so can no longer bind to their substrate.

26
Q

What is said to have happened to an enzyme if it becomes misshapen due to high temperatures?

A

It has become denatured.

27
Q

What is an enzyme’s “optimum temperature”?

A

The balance between the two temperature effects, too hot and too cold. The enzyme will work best at this temperature.

28
Q

Other than temperature, what else affects enzyme activity?

A

pH

29
Q

What helps enzymes bind more easily to their substrates?

A

Activators

30
Q

What makes it more difficult for an enzyme to bind to it’s substrate?

A

Inhibitors

31
Q

What is the catalase equation?

A

hydrogen peroxide - oxygen + water