OSHA 30 Construction Focus Four Fall Hazards Flashcards
What resources does NIOSH have for fall hazards
Fatality and health topic pages
Fatality assessment and control evaluation
What is a fall hazard
any hazard that lead to a fall
What are the three types of hazard
active always hazards
dormant could be hazards under the right conditions
theoretical up for debate if these are hazards or not
can any walking surface be a fall hazard
yes
what is the lowest height you can fall and still be at risk of having serious injury
4 feet
At what working distances for General industry Maritime industry and construction does OSHA require fall protection
4ft for general industry
5 ft. for maritime industry
6ft for construction
When does OSHA say fall protection is mandatory no matter what height you work at
if you are working over dangerous equipment
What is a theoretical hazard
a hazard that is only obvious and only revealed after an incident
When does a fall hazard become a fall incident
when their is not enough done to protect from a hazard
How long does it take human to fall
4feet
16feet
36feet
64feet
0.5s
1s
1.5s
2s
2.5s
What is the silent killer of construction
complacency
What are some causes of complacency at work
loss of drive from workers
unsafe acts and conditions
workers losing their drive
management not evaluating and enforcing safe work procedures
major focus on production
what are some ways of combating complacency
safety audit
pre-risk hazard recognition
Effective safety and culture where workers look out for each other
what is the leading of cause of deaths in contruction
leading edges
basic elements of controlling roofing hazards
limit access to the roof
train all employees who access the roof on the recognition and control of fall hazards
perform a hazard analysis prior to each roof entry
continuously improve procedures to ensure worker safety
when should an employee be retrained for roof hazards
Whenever an employee does not understand the requirement or cannot demonstrate competence
whenever changes in workplace conditions or scope occur
How many more ironworkers are killed then construction workers
iron workers are 10X more at risk of death then the average construction worker
what are the keys of effective fall protection
training
equipment
inspection
installation
connections
use
What is the second highest fall hazard
scaffolding
what are some causes of unsafe scaffolding
lack of supervision
used of incompatible parts
excess weight
unstable foundation
What three attributes are the highest reasons for scaffold accidents
planking or supports failing
lack of guardrails
lack of fall protection
what should always be cleared of scaffolding to avoid falling
ice and snow
What is the third leading cause of falls
ladders
what are the top three frequently cited ladder violation
1.ladder not extended 3 feet above the landing
2.No worker training
3.improper use of the top step of stepladders
how far above the working surface should be
3ft
Are excavation exempt from having fall hazards
no
Osha requires fall protection when working over a trench that is
6 ft or higher
what is the hierarchy of fall hazards
elimination removing the need for working in heights or near hazards
prevention ( full protecting from fall hazards)
safe work platforms ( make fall hazards significantly more safe )
PPE
administrative controls ( new practices that inform works of hazard and signs indicating hazards)
What are three generals acceptable methods of protection for vertical drops of 6ft in order of use
Guardrails
Safety net systems
personal fall arrest systems
What are the specification of an OSHA certified guardrail system
Top rails must be at least 4 inch thick to
prevent cuts and lacerations
must be between 38 and 45 inches from the working
surface;
If wire rope is used, it must be flagged at least
every six feet with highly visible materials
Midrails, screens or mesh must be installed
when there are no walls at least 21 inches high.
Screens and mesh must extend from the toprail to the working level.
There can be no openings more than 19 inches;
The toprail must withstand at least 200 lbs. of force; the midrail must
withstand 150 lbs. of force;
The system must be smooth enough to protect workers from cuts and getting their clothes snagged by the rail.
If guardrails are used around holes at points of access, like a ladderway, a gate must be used to prevent someone from
falling through the hole, or
be offset so that a person cannot walk directly into the hole.
What are the requirements for work nets
be as close as practicable under the working surface but neve more than 30feet below
be inspected every week for damage
have a border rope with a minimum strength of 5000 lbs
extend outward a sufficient distance
absorb the force of a 400lb drop test
all items in net must be removed as soon as possible
personal fall arrest systems
a way to protect workers from falls
required when exposed to fall hazards 6 feet or more
required for workers on a suspended scaffold more than 10 ft above the working surface
what are the major components of a personal fall arrest system
anchor and anchorage connector
connecting device
full-body harness
what is a position system
systems that allow worker to work vertically
they require a separate fall protection system if the worker works at least 6ft from the ground
What are the 4 types of lanyards
Rope- Offers some elastic properties for all arrests
Web- ideal for restraint purposes where fall hazards are less than 2 feet
Cable positioning-designed for corrosive or excessive heat environments and must be used in conjunction with shock absorbing devices
shock absorbers-best for fall restraints the fall arresting force will be greatly reduced
What OSHAS fall protection standards
Provide working conditions that are free of known dangers.
Keep floors in work areas in a clean and, so far as possible, a dry condition.
Select and provide required personal protective equipment at no cost to workers.
Train workers about job hazards in a language that they can understand.
what is a connector
a device used to secure a worker to their equipment
Why are retractable lanyards popular in fall hazard heavy enviroments
they limit free fall to 2ft
have 3600 tensile strength
no shock absorber needed
Why are retractable lanyards not always the best solution
they are subject to a hazard caused the pendulum effect which, if close enough to the ground, can still cause injury to the worker
were should the attachment location of the body harness be,
in the center of the back near the shoulder level or above your head
PFAS stands for
personal fall arrest systems
working load rating
the maximum load the equipment can withstand while still functioning properly
max breaking or tensile strength rating
the max strength the equipment can withstand before breaking
what is the required tensile strength of vertical life lines
5000lbs
how strong must he anchorage point be
3000lbs
what is the only case in which restrain systems can be utalized
if the slope surface is equal to or less that a 4:12 slope
lanyards are examples of what types of devices
deceleration devices
what is a deceleration device
Deceleration device means any mechanism, such as a rope grab, ripstitch lanyard, specially woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyard, or automatic self-retracting lifeline/lanyard, which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee
how strong must be anchorage strength be for a deceleration device
3000lbs
how long must the fixed ladder for a lanyard be
over 20ft in length
what is the maximum free fall a deceleration device can allow a worker to experience
2 feet
what are the requirement for the anchorage point for a lanyard
the anchorage must be independent of and anchorage used to support or suspend platforms
be able to support at least 5000lbs per worker attached to it
what is the maximum force OSHA allows on a body
1800 lbs. or less
what is the minimum tensile strength for a conenctor
5000lbs
body belts are allowed for
working positioning only
how many deaths each day does the construction industry deal with
4
what are three ways one can prevent a fall from a ladder
choose the right ladder for the job
tie the top and bottom of the ladder to fixed points if necessary
don’t carry tools or other materials in hand while climbing ladders
what are three types of ladders
step ladders
straight ladders
extension ladders
how can you determine the correct angle for the ladder
every 4 ft high the ladder is the base must be 1 ft from the wall
ex a 10 foot roof requires a 14 foot ladder
what is the min distance between the base as and the wall
2-1/2 ft
how are ladders rated
heavy duty supports (I) 250 lbs
extra heavy duty supports (IA) 300lbs
special duty supports (IAA) 375lbs
what are OSHA’s requirements for operating a ladder
they require a 3 point contact when ascending or descending a ladder
it is important to secure you ladder to
a fixed and secure point
what is the requirement for weight a scaffolding system must support ?
its own weight and at least 4 times the weight of the intended load
what are the requirements of supported scaffolds in regard to the planks?
working platforms or decks must be planked close to the guardrails
planks must extend beyond a support at least 6 inches
planks up to 10ft long must not extend more than 12 inches
what are the requirements of a suspended scaffold
the platform must be at least 18 inches wide
each rope must support at least 6 times the max intended lad including the weight of the scaffold itself
how strong must a structure a lifeline is tied to be
it must be able to withstand 5000lbs
how strong must counterweights for a suspended scaffold be
they must be able to withstand a force 4x the tipping moment
the employer must provide a safe access to the scaffold when
a platform is 2ft above or below the point of access or when you need to step across 14 inches to get to the platform
what is not allowed in regards to a scaffold access
climbing on cross braces
planks that are 12 ft long on a supported scaffold must extended how long
at least 6 feet but no longer then 12 feet
guard rails on supported scaffolding must be
between 38 to 45 inches
if a worker is exposed to falling 6ft or more from an unprotected side what must the employer do
they must select a guard rail system
what must employers do in terms of anchorage points
they must ensure that the employee understands the anchorage points and that the employees are connecting to it properly and that the equipment has been inspected properly
a guardrail system is required for scaffolding that is over
10ft above a lower level
planks are to be overlapped
at least 6 inches but no more than 12 inches
how must scaffolding be inspected by
a competent person
can lanyards be made of natural fiber ropes
no
