Managing safety and health Flashcards
what are more accidents caused by
unsafe or unhealthy behavior
What is a safety and health program
a document that outlines the outlines the required items for safety and health done by the company that must be done every day
What does HASP represent
Health and safety program
What does APP represent
accident prevention
what is a health And safety program used for
for preventing worker harm
Does OSHA require safety and health programs
no but it is highly reccomended
can an employer still be cited for not having a safety and health program
yes under the general duty clause
How should a program be developed
it should be personalized for the specific companies requirements
the OSHA website has info on this
What types of records should a company keep in regard to a program
steps taken to establish and maintain a safety and health program
Scheduled and periodic inspection
Safety and health training given to employees
What are two OSHA Cooperative programs
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP) and Safety & Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP)
Guidance for safety and heath program development is available through
OSHA consultation
How is best equipped to write you organizations safety and and health program
A safety and health matter expert
How long does OSHA recommend you maintain program records
over one year
What does OSHA SHP guidance outline
the best management practices for a safe and successful company
What 7 core elements does OSHA recommend for a successful program
Management Leadership.
Worker Participation.
Hazard Identification and Assessment.
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Education and Training.
Program Evaluation and Improvement.
Communication and Coordination for Host Employers, Contractors, and Staffing Agencies.
How should be covered by a company program
employees, any one that the company is paying to be placed around hazardous material
What is a Recommend addition to a Company health and safety program
It should be formally documented
How many core elements does OSHA recommend every program to have
7
How does OSHA say should be included in the program
every the company directs employees and controls
Name all types of Organization roles
Executive management
Line mangers and supervisors
workforce employees
What should upper menagements role be in safety
they should lead by example
allow for employees to feel safe when reporting incidents
make all safety and health goals clear
recognize and encourage performance
Should safety and health responsibilities be incorporated into all employee reviews
yes
How should a company allocate resources to a safety and health program
Personnel
Equipment
Tools
Technology
Training
Mangers are considered what in terms of a health and safety program
Agents of Change
What us a line managements role with regards to a n organization safety and health program
implementing a maintain the program
What is an executive managements role with regards to an organizations safety and health program
Creating a health and safety program
Should workers be a part of the safety and health program
yes
How are some ways a company can encourage employee participation in a program
training and retraining programs
Disciplinary actions
Employee recognition
Does OSHA approve of employee incentive programs
no because companies can use them to manipulate employees
Should all communication be translated and appropriate
yes
If employers allow for safety committees how should they be operated
they should have clear and documented guidance
What are the most common disciplinary punishments employers have for employees
1st Verbal warning
2nd Written warning
3rd 1-3 day suspension
4th termination
When should a hazard assessment be conducted
When a safety and health program is first established
when a new substances, process or equipment that could represent a new occupational hazard are introduced
new or previously un recognized hazards are uncovered
What does a Job hazards analysis do
help with identification of safety and health training programs
documenting individual steps necessary with each step
Safety measures and/or procedures that guard against or eliminate each identified hazard
What are the three steps of a JHA
identify job steps
identify hazards
identify ways to control hazards
What three factors impact hazard inspection
Frequency of inspection
Documentation of inspection
Inspection areas
What does JHA stand for
Job hazard analysis
To effectively control and prevent hazards, employers should
Involve workers, who often have the best understanding of the conditions that create hazards and insights into how they can be controlled.
Identify and evaluate options for controlling hazards, using a “hierarchy of controls.”
Use a hazard control plan to guide the selection and implementation of controls, and implement controls according to the plan.
Develop plans with measures to protect workers during emergencies and nonroutine activities.
Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls to determine whether they continue to provide protection, or whether different controls may be more effective. Review new technologies for their potential to be more protective, more reliable, or less costly.
What is the investigation process for hazard prevention
visiting the accident scene
interviewing injured workers or witnesses
examining the workplace
Determining the cause or causes
taking corrective action
recording the findings and corrective actions
Hazard control process does what
identifies methods and/or procedures for correcting unsafe or unhealthy conditions , work practices and work procedures
When an imminent hazard exists what should be done
hazards should be controlled when observed or discovered
all personnel should be removed
employees necessary to correct the hazardous condition must be provided safeguards
what are the hierarchy of hazard control from least effective to most effective ?
elimination the hazard
engineering controls to reduce exposure
administrative controls alter practices around hazards to ensure safety
personal protective equipment.
Safety and heath training programs should include procedures on
providing program awareness
train employees managers and supervisors on their roles in the program
training workers on their role in the program
Training workers on hazard identification and hazard control
What some recommended training topics
use of appropriate clothing
proper lifting techniques
information about chemical hazards
provision for medial services
Should training be personalized by the job
yes
What types of training should supervisors be required to take
communication
coaching
JHA
accident investigation
What is a good guideline for training requirements developed by OSHA
OSHA 2254-Traing requirements in OSHA standards
What are some elements a success full training program need to include
Assessment
design
Development
implementation
evaluation
What Ansi document gives guidelines on training
ANSI Z490.1 criteria for accepted practices in safety, health and environmental training
Training modes should be developed using
workforce chemistry some workers learn better using different methods
What should employee training documentation include
employee name or identifier
training dates
types of training
training topics
training providers
what does the term training mode refer to
the way training is delivered
OSHA requires training to be provided within one year of when a safety and health program is established
false
what should a good program include for it to be evaluated well
the program procedures should
monitor performance and progress
Verify the program is implementing and is operating
correcting program shortcomings and identify opportunities
how should a program improve
it should grow and evolve with the organization
be continuously evaluated
What is a lagging indicator for a program
historical data
injury, illness counts
leading indicator for a program
Process and participation
employee suggestions
employees trained
completion time for corrective actions
What are good indicators for the effective of a program
lagging and leading indicators
How often should the program be revised
it depends on the the available equipment, new equipment available spikes in incidents, geographic expansions
How should be in the program evaluation team
employees
line supervisors
executive managers
and all departments that involved with safety training human resources and operations
How does OSHA help protect temp workers
it launched a temp worker initiative
As a good rule of thumbs a safety program should evaluated
annually
What is OSHA’s take on incident investigation?
They are for it but want to stress that it should to identify and eliminate incidents and not to merely have some one to blame
it should be done not only in the event of accidents but for near misses as well
why is incident used instead of accidents
accidents are random are not seen as being preventable,
this is not true for the vast majority of workplace incidents which can be avoided
Incident
work related incident that caused some harm to the employee
root cause
the underlying reason for why an unsafe condition exists
near miss
an incident that almost caused harm to an employee and could easily cause harm in the future
Mishap
term used by USACE EM 385-1-1 to describe an unplanned undesired event
Why are behavior-based approach fails to discover root causes of incidents and why is incident investigation perfered
it can conclude that human error is the cause of an incident and can often fail to evaluate actual root causes that may be contributing or active causes
Why is it important to look beyond immediate causes
it can help to be prevent future problems of this and related incidents
What is a systems approach goal
it identifies both behaviors of workers and factors that prompts behaviors of works
its goal is to elimination or reduce factors that create unsafe conditions
How should the guidelines of an investigation program be developed
it should clear how each aspect of the investigation will be carried out and how all aspects of it will be documented
How should be involved with incident investigations for temp workers
host employers and staffing agencies
How should be involved with incident investigations for multi employer worksites
all employers should be involved
What are main steps for investigating a scene
preserve/ document the scene
collect information
determine root causes
implement corrective actions
What should an incident investigator determin
what is relevant to what happened
How it happened
Why it happened
What should be part of an incident documentation
Data and location on incident
Date of the investigation and who is investigating
injured employee’s name
injury’s description
whether they are temporary or permanent
What do all sections of OSHAS incident investigation guide define for employers
SECTION A information
Section B incident description/injury information
Section C identify the root causes
Section D recommend corrective actions to prevent future incidents
What are the requirements of an incident investigator’s kit
it should be prepared before any incident
include items to gather information necessary to protect the investigator and evidence
What are somethings to keep in mind when creating a sketch of an incident
size and readability make sketches at least 8X 10 inches and print legibly
incident details include all relevant info including time and location
Measurements include reference points as well
Directions us letters for directions
Notes
What should the collecting process containing
All how what when where’s and why’s
When should interviews be done
As soon as possible
What should be the clear when doing an interview
They are not in trouble and the purpose of the interview to determine what and how and incident happened not how to blame
how is allowed to be with an employee during an interview
a representative and a translator if needed
Is note taking essential when taking notes
yes
How are root causes found
by going deeper then the initial incident to better understand why things happened in the way and conditions they happen this is done by continuously asking why when given an answer to a root cause
Investigation is not complete unless
their is implementation of corrective action
How is responsible for corrective actions
the senior management
Why should shallow conclusions be avoided
They do not go far enough to understand root causes and are will not be enough to prevent future mistakes
What does a JHA help do
Identify possible hazards in the work place
What should be involved in a JHA
Any job that is overly complicated or any job that can easily be dangerous or deadly if not done correctly
How should a JHA begin
by involving employees
review accident history
Conduct a preliminary job review
List rank and set priorities for hazardous jobs
outline the steps or tasks of the Job being analyzed
Most frequently hazard can be broken down into the sections
the environment ( were the hazard exists)
The trigger ( the situation were the hazard can effect the employee or the hazard itself)
the exposure ( What aspect of the worker the hazard will effect)
consequences ( what the hazard can potentially or will do to the employee )
What are some questions from a JLA is required to ask
How could the JHA happen ?
What are other contributing factors ?
How likely will the hazard occur ?
What is JHA
an extensive investigation on every step of a job and every single hazard that could occur during the job as well as steps that need for making the job safer
What is the difference between short term controls and long term controls
short terms are immediately ways of dealing with the hazard
long term are time inclusive measures that will large limit and hopefully even remove the hazard
What are the steps in the JHA approval process
their should be a review of the JHA
It should be recorded how developed the JHA
The JHA should be reviewed by someone who was not involved in the development and the review should be listed
a signature of approval should be placed denoting that this the official JHA for the specific job
What are some sources of help when developing JHA
insurance company
local fire station
health consultants
What should always be part of the JHA proccess
a review and approval process
