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Opthalmology > Orthoptics > Flashcards

Orthoptics Flashcards

1
Q

what is essential for perception of a singular image

A

binocular vision

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2
Q

what are the 3 principles of binocular vision

A

simultaneous perception
fusion
stereopsis (depth perception)

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3
Q

what is a strabismus

A

a squint/asymmetry in eye position

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4
Q

what are the 2 subtypes of squints

A

manifest squint (tropia) - obvious deviation of one eye

latent squint (phonia) -defect/tendancy to deviate under specific conditions

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5
Q

how do manifest squints differ between adults and children

A

adults get diplopia

children tend to adapt and can suppress the troublesome eye

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6
Q

what is amblyopia

A

decreased vision in one eye due to a lack of visual stimulation in critical periods of visual development

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7
Q

what may cause amblyopia

A

stimulus deprivation
strabismus
anisometropia (>1D difference in refracive errors of each eye)

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8
Q

in anisometropia, which eye gets affected

A

the eye with the highest refractive index

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9
Q

what methods are used to measure visual acuity in children

A 
preferential lookks 
cardiff cards 
kays pictures
logMAR crowded and uncrowded
baily lovie (proper logMAR)
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10
Q

what is the difference between logMAR and snellen chart

A

logMAR is a logorhythmic scale with 0 being normal vision, and 1 being 6/60 equivalent

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11
Q

what are the types of squints

A

concominant - stays the same in all gaze positions

incominant - stabismus that changes in positions of gazes

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12
Q

what is the usually cause of an incominant squint

A

extraocular muscle imbalance

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13
Q

what is the role of an orthoptist

A

straighten eye

diagnose, treat, manage disorders of vision/eye movements + binocular vision

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14
Q

what is the secondary action of the superior rectus

A

intorsion

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15
Q

what is the secondary action of the inferior rectus

A

extorsion

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16
Q

what is the secondary action of the superior oblique

A

depression

17
Q

what is the secondary action of the inferior oblique

A

elevation

18
Q

what is the tertiary action of the superior rectus

A

adduction

19
Q

what is the tertiary action of the inferior rectus

A

adduction

20
Q

what is the tertiary action of the superior oblique

A

abduction

21
Q

what is the tertiary action of the inferior oblique

A

abduction

22
Q

when should a child be referred to an orthoptist

A

suspected/definite squint
decreased VA
FHx squint/decreased VA in childhood

23
Q

when should an adult be referred to an orthoptist

A

diplopia
squint
asthenopic symptoms - eye strain

24
Q

what is asthenopia

A

eye strain

25
Q

what is more common, convergent or divergent squints

A

convergent

26
Q

what is a good screening test for a squint

A

corneal light reflection test

Opthalmology (16 decks)

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