Acute Red Eye Flashcards
What types of haemorrhage cause acute red eye
subconjunctival
retrobulbar
What are features of subconjunctival haemorrhage
ptosis sharp eye pain decreased eye movement increased IOP pupil reactions posterior border of the bleed CAN be seen
What are the features of retrobulbar haemorrhage
similar to sunconjunctival but posterior border of bleed CANNOT be seen
what are the most common reasons for subconjunctival haemorrhage
post-surgery
trauma
warfarin
increased pressure (URTI, breathing disorders)
what is a complication of ocular haemorrhages
cranial nerve compression and blindness
what are some features of episcleritis
localised epithelial inflammation of episcleral tissue, usually autoimmune
mild pain
non sight threatening
what is the treatment of episcleritis
watch/wait + cold compress
NSAID eye drops
what has a similar presentation to episcleritis but tends to be more severe
Scleritis
what are the 2 types of congestion
conjunctival
ciliary/circumcorneal
what are some features of conjunctival congestion
bright red ‘bloodshot’ eye
blanches with topical vasocontrictors
periphery has cornea flow
what are some features of ciliary/cicumcorneal congestion
predominately around cornea dusky in colour does not lanch with vasoconstrictors or move with conjunctival folds centrifugal flow (cornea to periphery)
how do you differentiate between viral/bacteria/allergic red eye
BACTERIA
gritty eye with purulent discharge and lymph involvement
VIRUS
gritty eye wth watery discharge and follicles on lower fornix. Lymph involvemen
ALLERGIC itchy eye stringy discharge papillae in upper fornix (inside upper eyelid) no lymph involvement
what commonly causes neonatal conjunctivitis
gonococcal and chlamydia organisms
how serious is neonatal conjunctivitis
very - its sight-threatening
what are some common causes of corneal trauma
pH everted lids conjunctiva laceraction corneal abrasion traumatic myadriasis vitreous haemorrhage
what are features of herpes simplex keratitis
most common corneal infection
causes a painful cornea
what is diagnostic of herpes simplex keratitis (99%)
squiggly branching ulcer seen on blue light
how do you treat herpes simplex keratitis
aciclovir eye drops/ointment + steroids
what causes herpes simplex keratitis most commonly
poor contact lens hygiene
whats a consequence of chronic herpes simplex keratitis
necrosis in epithelium/stroma
what is a hypopyon
pus released from the iris due to toxins released from ulcer after it builds in the anterior chamber
what is uveitis
inflammation of the iris and ciliary body producing keratitis precipitates
what are signs of uveitis
constricted pupil
irregular pupils due to attachment of the iris from inflammation
what normally causes uveitis
usually unknown
how do you treat uveitis
pupil dilator and steroids
what are features of acute angle closure glacucoma
headache nausea vomiting decreased viison 'halos' red eye corneal haze fixed mid-dilated pupil
what happens if you treat herpetic corneal infections with only steroids + what should you add
increase chance of reinfection (immune suppression), aciclovir
