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Surgery > Orthopedic Surgery > Flashcards

Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards

0
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A

Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis

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1
Q

Tx for developmental dysplasia of hip

A

Abduction splinting with Pavlik harness for 6 months

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2
Q

Signs of SCFE on physical exam

A

External rotation on hip flexion without ability to internally rotate

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3
Q

Tx for club foot (talipes equinovarus)

A

Serial plaster casting
Achilles tenotomy, braces
Surgery between 9 and 12 months

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4
Q

Which fractures are especially concerning in children

A

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus

Fractures involving the growth plate

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5
Q

Tx if growth plate is displaced but in one piece

A

Closed reduction

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6
Q

Tx if growth plate is in two pieces

A

Open reduction

Internal fixation

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7
Q

Most common primary malignant bone tumor
Around knee
Sunburst pattern on Xray

A

Osteogenic sarcoma

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8
Q

Second most common primary malignant bone tumor
Diaphysis of long bones
Onion skinning on Xray

A

Ewing sarcoma

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9
Q

Where do bone tumors in adults mostly arise

A

Breast in women - lytic

Prostate in men - blastic

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10
Q

Punched out lytic bone lesions
Bence Jones proteins in urine
Abnormal Ig’s

A

Multiple myeloma

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11
Q

Which type of shoulder dislocation is rare but can occur in epileptic seizures or electrical burns

A

Posterior dislocations

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12
Q

Diaphyseal fracture of proximal ulna

Dislocation of radial head

A

Monteggia fracture

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13
Q

Distal 1/3 radius fracture

Dorsal dislocation of distal radioulnar joint

A

Galeazzi fracture

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14
Q

Fall on outstretched hand
Tenderness in anatomic snuffbox
Positive Xray

Tx?

A

Scaphoid fractures

Requires open reduction and internal fixation

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15
Q

Tx for metacarpal neck fracture that is angulated, displaced or rotatory malaligned

A

K wire or plate fixation

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16
Q

Which intervention for displaced femoral neck fractures allows faster healing and ambulation

A

Replacement of femoral head with a prosthesis

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17
Q

Tx for intertrochanteric fracture

A

Open reduction, internal fixation

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18
Q

Tx for femoral shaft fractures

What can kill these patients

A

Intramedullary rod fixation

Hemorrhagic shock, fat embolism

19
Q

Tx for isolated collateral ligament injuries

A

Hinged cast

20
Q

Tx for isolated cruciate ligament injuries

A

Immobilization, rehabilitation

Athletes require arthroscopic reconstruction

21
Q

Tx for meniscal tears

Complete meniscectomy leads to what

A

Open repair

Leads to degenerative arthritis

22
Q

Most common sites of compartment syndrome after fracture

A

Lower leg

Forearm

23
Q

Tx for achilles tendon rupture

A

Casting in equinus for several months

Surgery for quicker results.

24
Q

Tx for ankle fracture (malleoli)

A

Open reduction, internal fixation

25
Q

Tx for compartment syndrome

Pulses?

A

Fasciotomy

Pulses may be present

26
Q

Presentation of hip dislocation v hip fracture

A

Dislocation is internally rotated
Fracture is externally rotated

In both the leg is shortened

27
Q

Why is emergency reduction indicated in hip dislocation

A

To avoid avascular necrosis of femoral head

28
Q

Etiology of gas gangrene

A

Deep, penetrating, dirty wounds

I.e. dirty rusty nails

29
Q

Tx of gas gangrene

A

IV penicillin
Extensive emergency debridement
Hyperbaric oxygen

30
Q

Toxic appearing patient

Tender, swollen, discolored site of penetrating injury with crepitus

A

Gas gangrene

31
Q

Distal humerus fracture

Inability to extend the wrist

A

Radial nerve involvement

Surgery required for entrapment if paralysis remains after reduction

32
Q

Posterior dislocation of knee
No distal pulses

If reduction is delayed, then what

A

Popliteal artery involvement

Delayed reduction requires prophylactic fasciotomy

33
Q

Injury incurred when knees hit dashboard in head on mva

A

Posterior dislocation of hip

34
Q

Initial tx of carpal tunnel

What is needed before surgery

A

Splints, anti-inflammatories

EMG before surgery

35
Q

Initial tx of trigger finger

A

Steroid injection

36
Q

What is felon and its tx

A

Abscess in pulp of fingertip

I&D

37
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament injury caused by forced hyperextension of thumb

Tx?

A

Gamekeeper’s thumb

Casting

38
Q

Injury to flexor tendon when flexed finger is forcefully extended

Tx?

A

Jersey finger

Splinting

39
Q

Extended finger is forcefully flexed

Tx?

A

Mallet finger

Splinting

40
Q

Distended bladder
Flaccid rectal sphincter
Perineal saddle anesthesia

Tx?

A

Cauda equina syndrome

Emergency surgical decompression

41
Q

Tx for lumbar disc herniation

A

Bed rest for 3 weeks
Pain control with nerve blocks
Surgery when neurologic deficits progress
Cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency

42
Q

Progressive back pain unrelieved by rest or position changes in elderly
Weight loss

A

Metastatic malignancy

43
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin developing in a chronic leg ulcer

A

Marjolin ulcer

44
Q

Common digital nerve inflammation between third and fourth toes

A

Morton neuroma

45
Q

Tx for acute gout

Chronic gout?

A

Acute: indomethacin, colchicine
Chronic: allopurinol, probenicid

Surgery (17 decks)

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