Orthopedic Structures Flashcards
attachment of plantar fascia
calcaneal tuberosity
uppermost part is the trochlea
talus
articulates the 3 cuniforms; anterior to talus
navicular
calcaneous, navicular, talus, 1st cuneiform, 1st metatarsal’ spring ligament, deltoid, plantar fascia
medial-longitudinal arch
calcaneous, cuboid, 5th metatarsal; short planar, long plantar, PF, peroneus longus
lateral longitudinal arch
metatarsal heads
anterior metatarsal arch
across transverse tarsal bones; short plantar lig and peroneal longus, tib posterior
transverse arch
pronation and supination occur at what joint
subtalar
flexion of distal phalanges 2-5
flexor dig longus
flexion of middle phalanges 2-5
flexor dig brevis
flexion of proximal phalanges
lumbricales
extension of middle phalanges
abductor hallucis,
extension of distal phalanges
lumbricales, ext digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus
occurs in young, physically active adults
apophysitis of calcaneus (severs disease)
causes include pronation and trauma; athlete complains of mid-foot sprain with pain on dorsum of foot and.or over anterior/lateral ankle after an inversion mechanism; referred pain to heel
cuboid subluxation
ankle is PF with rearfoot locked, sudden forceful hyper-PF of forefoot results in dorsal displacement of proximal end of metatarsals
Tarsometatarsal fracture/dislocation
most common acute fracture is fx to the diaphysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal
jones
pain under 2nd or 3rd metatarsal heads; heavy callus forms in area od pain; causes include inflexibility of gastro/soleus complex
metatarsalgia
mortons neuroma occurs where
3rd and 4th
the joint that does PF/DF
talocrural joint
posterior tibial nerve, artery, vein
tarsal tunnel
between ext dig and hall longus
dorsal pedal pulse
passively DF with knee extended and palpate calf region
Homan’s Test
- TTP at malleolar zone or posterior edge tip of medial/lateral malleolus
- totally unable to weight bear immediately post injury and for 4 steps after some time has passed
- pain in midfoot zone
- TTP at base of 5th metatarsal, navicular
ottawa ankle rules
C Shaped, attached to medial tibia, joint capsule (coronary ligaments) and semimembranosus
medial meniscus
O shaped, attached to lateral tibia, articular capsule, popliteal tendon; more mobile attachment
lateral meniscus
lateral femoral condyle to anteromedial intercondylar eminence of the tibia
ACL
medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia
PCL
above joint line on medial femoral epicondyle to tibia
MCL
lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula
LCL
only bursa inside joint capsule; area where joint effusion migrates and accumulates
suprapatellar
on top of patella
prepatellar
housekeepers knee
deep infrapatellar/superficial infrapatellar
separates patellar tendon from joint capsule
infrapatellar fat pad
Angle from ASIS to mid patella to tibial tuberosity
Q Angle
duplicates anterior sublux/reduction that occurs during functional activities in ACL-D knees; apply valgus force at knee and move knee from extension to flexion
lateral pivot shift
pivot shift, but start in flexion and move into extension
reverse pivot shift
posterior drawer with tibial ER
external rotation test
herniation of joint capsule into popliteal fossa due to joint effusion; more common in adolescents
Baker’s cyst
softening and deterioration of articular cartilage
Chondromalacia Patella
results from lateral deviation of patella while tracking in femoral groove; irritation of synovium; may be caused by tight structures, pronation, increased Q angle
Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome
AIIS to interochantric line; resists hip extension, ER, ADD
iliofemoral ligament
superior pubic ramus to medial iliofemoral liament
pubofemoral ligament
posterior/inferior acetabulum/ischium to greater trochanter
ischiofemoral ligament
fovea capitis of femoral head to transverse acetabular ligament of acetabulum
ligamentum teres
