Mechanisms and Characteristics of Sports Injuries Flashcards
tearing =
laceration
tearing/ripping=
avulsion
penetrating=
puncture
breaking point of tendon injuries is equal to or more than ____
6-8%
reflex reaction caused by trauma of the musculoskeletal system
muscle spasms
rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time
tonic
alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession
clonic
fluids that collect in muscles during and after exercise are absorbed into the blood stream at a slow rate
muscle stiffness
inflammation of synovial sheath; crepitus; chronic- locally thickened
tenosynovitis
myositis ossificans occurs in a muscle over a bone
ectopic calcfication
abnormal shortening of a muscle tissue
contracture
joint that is immovable
synarthrotic
slightly movable joint
ampiarthrotic
freely movable joint
diarthrotic
primary injury in ligaments?
viscoelastic tissue properties; constant compression causes deterioration, intermittent compression increases strength; chronic inflammation causes shrinkage of collagen fibers
an organ will adapt itself structurally to an alternation, quantitative of function
rouxs law of function adaption
part of nasal septum, larynx, trachea, bronchi, articular ends of bones
hyaline or articular cartilage
vertebral disks, pubic symphysis and menisci of knee joint
fibrous
external ear and eustachian tube
elastic
ellipical convex head in an elliptical concave socket
ellipsoidal; wrist
reciprocally concavoconvex
saddle; carpometacarpal joint of thumb
small amount of gliding back and forth or sideways
gliding; joints b/w carpal and tarsal bones, intervertebral joints
states that the joint capsule, the muscle moving in that joint, and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle have the same nerve supply
Hilton’s law
- a disjointing of two bones parallel to one another or
- rupture of a solid joint (pubic symphysis)
diastasis
degenerative changes in the ossification centers of the epiphyses of bones
osteochondrosis
degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage from repeated trauma;
s/s pain may be localized or generalized to joint; pain by friction; joint cracking
osteoarthritis
sudden irritation can cause acture bursitis; overuse of muscles or tendon or compression
bursitis
dense, white fibrous membrane covers long bones
periosteum
often in flat bones; caused by falling and striking body part on unyielding surface or by being hit with a hard object
depressed fracture
incomplete break in bones that have not completely ossified; often occurs in convex bone surface while concave surface remain intact
greenstick fracture
caused from fall from a height. require immediate spliting by AT and traction by physician to ensure normal length of injured limb
impacted fracture
bone splits along its length; often result of jumping and stress directs up long axis
longitudinal fracture
s-shaped separation; common in football and skiing
spiral fracture
occur when one end of the bone receives sudden torsion while other is fixed or stabilized
oblique fracture
two bony fragments have a saw tooth, sharp edged fracture line; usually caused by direct blow
serrated fracture
occurs in a straight line at right angles to the bone shaft; caused by direct blow
transverse fracture
greater than or more fragments at fracture site. caused by hard blow or fall. hard to heal cause of fragments
comminuted fracture
occur two the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye
blowout fracture
occur on side opposite to the point at which trauma was initiated; fracture of skull
contrecoup
separation of a bone fragment at an attachment of ligament or tendon; sudden, powerful twist
avulsion fracture
separation of physis
type 1
separation of growth plate and small part of metaphysis
type 2
fracture of physis
type 3
fracture of portion of physis and metaphysis
type 4
crushing force; growth deformity
type 5
occurs when a reduced amount of blood is available to the circulatory system;fatigue, exposure to heat/cold, dehydration or illness
shock
signs: low BP ( less than 90 systolic), rapid and weak pulse, drowsy sluggish, shallow and rapid respiration, skin is pale , cool and clamy
shock
treatment: maintain body temp, raise legs 8-12 inches off the ground
shock
rapid strong heart beat may indicate
heat stroke
dimensions for crutch fitting:
6 inches anteriorly, 2 inches laterally; 2-3 finger widths in arm pit, 30 degrees of flexion; 12-15 inches ahead while walking
