Orthopaedics Flashcards
Imaging in osteomyelitis?
MRI
Genetic conditions predisposing to osteosarcoma?
Li-Fraumeni and retinoblastoma
Where does Ewing’s sarcoma commonly affect?
Diaphysis of long bones
Staging of bone tumours?
Enneking staging
Investigations in bone tumours?
XR
MRI - soft tissue involvement
CT - cortical involvement
Loss of fine motor function in UL?
Cervical myelopathy
What is classically impaired in adhesive capsulitis?
External rotation
Management of undisplayed intracapsular hip fracture?
Fit: Internal fixation
Unfit: hemiarthroplasty
Management of displaced intracapsular hip fracture?
Total hip replacement if:
1. not cognitively impaired
2. medically fit for anaesthesia
3. able to walk independently outdoor with no more than a stick
Hemiarthroplasty if do not meet above criteria
Management of stable extra capsular hip fracture (intertrochanteric)?
Dynamic hip screw
Management of extra capsular hip fracture (reverse oblique, transverse or subtrochanteric)?
Intramedullary device
Which location is a red flag in back pain?
Thoracic back pain
Type of bone lesion in metastatic prostate cancer?
Sclerotic lesions
Type of bone lesion in Paget’s disease and multiple myeloma?
Lytic lesions
Rotator cuff tear?
Shoulder pain and weakness (exacerbated by overhead activities)
Loss of active ROM
Common in elderly (> 60)
May occur after minor trauma
Investigation to carry out if osteoporosis in a man?
Testotsterone
Where is interosseous access most commonly obtained?
Proximal tibia
What should be corrected before starting bisphosphonates?
Vit D
Hypocalcaemia
What is divided in surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Flexor Retinaculum
What fractures are most associated with compartment syndrome?
Supracondylar and tibial shaft
Management of fracture of proximal pole of scaphoid?
Surgical fixation
Sign of a scaphoid fracture?
Pain on longitudinal compression of the thumb
1st line Pharma management of back pain with no red flags?
NSAIDS
Do not offer paracetamol alone
Pott’s fracture?
Forced foot eversion
Bimalleolar fracture
Barton’s fracture ?
Distal radius fracture (Colle’s/Smith’s) with associated radiocarpal dislocation
Fall onto extended, pronated wrist
Galeazzi fracture?
Radial shaft fracture with associated dislocation of radioulnar joint
Direct blow
Monteggia’s fracture?
Dislocation if the proximal radioulnar joint in association with ulnar fracture
Fall on outstretched hand with forced pronation
Needs prompt management
Bennett’s fracture?
Infra-articular fracture of the first carpometacarpal joint
Impact on flexed metacarpal
Caused by fist fights
Condrocalcinosis on XR?
Linear calcification of articular cartilage
Management of undisplayed scaphoid waist fracture?
Cast for 6-8 weeks
What is a significant risk factor for avascular necrosis?
Previous chemotherapy
DM is a risk factor for developing what shoulder condition?
Adhesive capsulitis
Management of subluxation of radial head?
Passive supination of elbow joint whilst flexed at 90 degrees
Lateral epicondylitis?
worse on resisted wrist extension/suppination whilst elbow extended
Mutation in Marfan’s?
Fibrilin
Type A Weber fracture?
Below syndesmosis
Type B Weber’s fracture?
Originate at lad q tibial platform and may extend to involve syndesmosis
Type C Weber’s fracture?
Above syndesmosis (which may itself be damaged )
Maisonneuve fracture?
Spiral fibra fracture which may lead to disruption of syndesmosis with widening of joint (surgery required)
Associations with posterior shoulder dislocation?
Seizures / electric shock
Associations with anterior shoulder dislocation?
Foosh
Nerve at risk of injury in total hip replacement?
Sciatic nerve (unable to dorsiflex foot?)
