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PassMed facts > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Imaging in stroke?

A

Non-contrast CT head

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2
Q

First line drug in myoclonic seizures (women)?

A

Leviteracitam

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3
Q

What is a Jacksonian movement and the it is observed?

A

Clonic movement travelling proximally
Frontal lobe epilepsy

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3
Q

Level at the spinal cord is affected in autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Above T6

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4
Q

Areas affected in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Widespread cerebral atrophy
Cortex and hippocampus

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5
Q

Movements spared in MND?

A

Occular movement

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6
Q

Which intracranial bleed can present several weeks after injury?

A

Subdural haematomas

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7
Q

When should LP be performed in SAH?

A

12 hours post onset of headache

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8
Q

Dermatome of sciatic nerve?

A

S1

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9
Q

UMN tests?

A

UL: Hofman’s
LL: Babinski’s

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10
Q

Signs of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Papilloedema
6th nerve palsy

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11
Q

If suspected TIA and patient is on warfarin/DOAC?

A

ED for imaging to exclude haemorrhage

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12
Q

Horner’s syndrome?

A

Ptosis and constricted pupil

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13
Q

CN3 findings?

A

Down and out
Dilated pupil

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14
Q

Weber’s syndrome?

A

Crossed findings due to brain stem infarcts
Ipsilateral CN3 palsy
Contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis

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15
Q

Symptoms in subacute degeneration of the cord?

A
  1. Loss of proprioception and vibration sense (dorsal columns)
  2. Spasticity and brisk reflexes (lateral columns)
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16
Q

Risk factor for pontine haemorrhage?

A

Chronic HTN

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17
Q

Pontine haemorrhage symptoms and signs?

A

Reduced GCS
Quadraplegia
Miosis
Absent horizontal eye movement

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18
Q

Symptoms in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Muscle wasting in hands
Numbness and tingling
Autonomic symptoms

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19
Q

Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Severe HTN
Sweating above level of the lesion
Agitation

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20
Q

Complication of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Haemorrhagic stroke

21
Q

After clinical diagnosis of spinal stenosis what is the next step?

A

MRI to confirm diagnosis and exclude other pathology

22
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg’s syndrome) symptoms?

A

Ipsilateral: Ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial numbness, CN palsy
Contralateral: Limb sensory loss

23
Q

MND with worse prognosis?

A

Progressive bulbular palsy

24
Q

Most common earliest symptom in spinal cord compression?

A

Back pain

25
Q

What is angiomyolipoma associated with?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

26
Q

First line management in atonic or tonic seizure in females?

A

Lamotragine

27
Q

Which nerve does finger abduction?

A

Ulnar

28
Q

Which nerve does finger extension?

A

Radial

29
Q

Parsonage-Turner’s syndrome?

A

Peripheral neuropathy, complication of viral illness, resolves spontaneously

30
Q

Type of scan required to view demyelinating lesions (as in MS)?

A

Contrast MRI

31
Q

Gold standard test for venous sinus thrombosis?

A

MR venogram

32
Q

Barthel index?

A

Scale that measures disability or dependence in activities of daily living in stroke patients

33
Q

Lesions at T1?

A

Cause finger abduction weakness

34
Q

Acute ischaemic stroke CT sign?

A

‘hyperdense artery’ sign
(usually visible immediately in contrast to changes in the parenchyma)

35
Q

Management of SAH?

A

Coiling of aneurysm

36
Q

Isolated seizure and normal EEG affect on driving?

A

Patients cannot drive for 6 months following a first unprovoked or isolated seizure if brain imaging and EEG normal

37
Q

What artery supplies Broca’s area?

A

Middle cerebral artery (on dominant side of brain)

38
Q

Relapsing remitting MS?

A

Acute attacks followed by periods of remission
(85%)

39
Q

Secondary progressive MS?

A

Relapsing and remitting has deteriorated and patient has developed neuro signs and symptoms between relapses

40
Q

Primary progressive MS?

A

Progressive deterioration from onset (10%, more common if older)

41
Q

management if dent on head after injury?

A

Immediate CT ?depressed skull fracture

42
Q

When is thrombectomy indicated in stoke?

A

6-24 hour window if potential to salvage brain tissue (limited infarct core volume)

43
Q

Presentation of syringomyelia?

A

Cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation duets compression of spinothalamic tract fibres
Strong association with Chari malformation

44
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria presentation?

A

Abdominal, neurological and psych symptoms

45
Q

Management of acute porphyria?

A

IV haem arginate / haematin
If not available give IV glucose

46
Q

Electrolyte abnormality in SAH?

A

Hyponatrameia

47
Q

Uhtoff’s phenomenon?

A

Neuro signs worse with increase in body temp (E.g worse vision when running)

48
Q

Brown- sequadrad syndrome?

A

Spinal cord hemisection
Ipsilateral spastic paresis below lesion
Ipsilateral loss of proprioception and vibration sense
Contra lateral loss of pain and temp

49
Q

Which PD drugs are associated with the highest chance of inhibition disorders out of the antiparkinsonian medications?

A

Dopamine receptor agonists

PassMed facts (18 decks)

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