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PassMed facts > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does metronidazole do to the anticoagulation effect of Warfarin?

A

Increase

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2
Q

How do thiazides affect sodium?

A

Hyponatraemia

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3
Q

Side effect of DPP4 inhibitors (sitagliptin)?

A

Pancreatitis

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4
Q

What electrolyte abnormality can phenytoin cause?

A

Hypocalcaemia

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5
Q

When to stop Warfarin prior to surgery?

A

5 days

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6
Q

INR and surgery?

A

if INR < 1.5, surgery is ok

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7
Q

When is metformin contraindicated?

A

eGFR < 30

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8
Q

Which analgesia commonly causes urinary retention?

A

Opiates

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9
Q

SE of methotrexate?

A

Bone marrow suppression - leukopenia
Teratogenic

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10
Q

SE of leflunomide?

A

HTN
Peripheral neuropathy

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11
Q

SE of sulfasalazine?

A

Oligospermia

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12
Q

SE of hydroxychloraquine?

A

Nightmares
Decreased visual acuity (macular toxicity)

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13
Q

SE of anti-TNF drugs?

A

Reactivation of TB and Hep B

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14
Q

SE of rituximab?

A

Night sweats
Thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

Which factors make paracetamol OD high risk?

A

Chronic alcohol use
HIV
Anorexia
P450 inducers

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16
Q

p450 inducers?

A

St Johns Wort
Carbimazipine
Rifampicin
Phenytoin

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17
Q

H2 receptor antagonist use?

A

Antacids

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18
Q

Alpha 1 agonist use?

A

Decongestants (phenylephrine)

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19
Q

Dopamine antagonist use?

A

Metoclopramide
Schizophrenia

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20
Q

Beta 1 agonist use?

A

Inotropes

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21
Q

Beta 2 agonist use?

A

Bronchodilators

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22
Q

Which drug stimulates the release of vWF?

A

Desmopressin

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23
Q

Ondansetron is ?

A

Serotonin antagonist

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24
Q

Triptans are?

A

Serotonin agonists

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25
Q

SE of ketoconazole?

A

gynaecomastia

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26
Q

Drugs that cause drug induced cholestasis?

A

COCP
Antibiotics: flucloxacillin, co-amox, erythromycin
Anabolic steroids, testosterone
Chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine
Sulphonylureas

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27
Q

Drugs that can cause liver cirrhosis?

A

Methotrexate
Methyldopa
Amiodarone

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28
Q

SE of cyclosporin?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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29
Q

SE of latanoprost?

A

Eye lash growth

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30
Q

How long should there be in between taking thyroxine and calcium/iron?

A

4 hours

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31
Q

How does prednisolone effect anticoagulation effect of warfarin?

A

Increase

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32
Q

Warfarin SE?

A

Skin necrosis

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33
Q

Reversal agent of dabigatran?

A

Idarucizumab

34
Q

Type of anaemia with methotrexate use?

A

Megaloblastic microcytic (due to folate deficiency)

35
Q

Ototoxic drugs?

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
Furosemide
Aspirin
Cytotoxic agents

36
Q

When should oral tetracyclines be avoided?

A

Pregnancy
Breast feeding
Children < 12 years

37
Q

Drugs that cause aplastic anaemia?

A

Cytotoxics
Chloramphenicol
Phenytoin
Sulphonamides
Gold

38
Q

Drugs that can cause warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A

Methyldopa

39
Q

H1 receptor antagonist use?

A

Hayfever

40
Q

Drugs associated with erythema multiforme?

A

Aminopenicillins
Sulfonamides
Carbamazepine
Allopurinol
NSAIDs
Oral contraception

41
Q

Electrolyte abnormality that phenytoin can cause?

A

Hypocalcaemia

42
Q

MOA of fondiparinaux?

A

Activates antithrombin III which in turn inhibits factor Xa

43
Q

Common SE of metaclopramide?

A

Diarrhoea

44
Q

What type of drug is Bumetanide?

A

Loop diuretic

45
Q

Thiazide affect on calcium?

A

Hypercalcaemia
Hypocalciuria

46
Q

Common side effect of indapamide in males ?

A

Erectile dysfunction

47
Q

SE of beta blockers?

A

Insomnia

48
Q

Drug which most commonly causes angio-oedema?

A

ACEi

49
Q

Abx which lower seizure threshold?

A

Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

50
Q

Which 2 drugs interact to cause sever bone marrow suppression?

A

Azothioprine and allopurinol

51
Q

1ml of Insulin is how many units?

A

100 units

52
Q

Common cause of urticaria?

A

Aspirin

53
Q

Management if GI SE of alendronate?

A

Switch to risedronate

54
Q

Drugs that interact with statins?

A

Erythromycin and clarithromycin

55
Q

P450 inhibitors? (O DEVICES)

A

Omeprazole
Disulphram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol
Sulphonamides

56
Q

Thiazides affect on glucose tolerance?

A

Worsen

57
Q

Dugs which can cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

Cyclosporin
CCBs
Phenytoin
(AML)

58
Q

Measalazine can cause drug induced?

A

Pancreatitis

59
Q

What typeof drug is dorzolamide?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

60
Q

Which antibiotics cause ototoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

61
Q

Nitrates SE?

A

Hypotension
Headache
Tachycardia
Flushing

62
Q

Drugs that can cause tinitus?

A

Loop diuretics
NSAIDs/Aspirin
Quinine
Aminoglycosides

63
Q

Azothioprine and pregnancy?

A

Safe in pregnancy

64
Q

Lithium level testing?

A

Check levels 7 days after dose change, 12 hours after the last dose
Once stable 3 monthly

65
Q

What should be checked prior to starting azathioprine?

A

ECG (rule out long QTc)
Baseline LFTs

66
Q

Ondansetron receptor?

A

5-HT3 antagonist
Works on medulla oblongata
SE: Constipation, long QT

67
Q

Vancomycin and renal failure?

A

Vancomycin requires therapeutic monitoring in patients with renal failure

68
Q

Drug induced pancreatitis?
(SAM F BS)

A

Sodium valproate
Foroesomide
Mesalazine
Azothioprine
Steroids
Bendroflumethiazide

69
Q

What drug can cause ulceration of the gi tract?

A

Nicranodil

70
Q

Electrolyte abnormality that trimethoprim can cause?

A

Hyperkalaemia (due to renal tubular dysfunction, also causes rise in creatinine )

71
Q

What cardiac arrhythmia can macrolides cause?

A

Tdp

72
Q

What drug can precipitate digoxin toxicity?

A

Thiazides

73
Q

Cause of TDP?

A

Azithromycin

74
Q

Hepatotoxic anaesthetic agent?

A

Halothane

75
Q

Fomepizole?

A

Ethylene glycol toxicity management (anti-freeze)
Also ethanol / haemodialysis

76
Q

What do thiadiadonze do?

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

77
Q

Varenicline?

A

Nicotine partial agonist

78
Q

Bupropion

A

Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and nicotinic antagonist

79
Q

When is bupropion contraindicated?

A

Bupropion should not be used in a patient with epilepsy as it reduces seizure threshold

80
Q

When should clopidogrel be discontinued before surgery (elective)?

A

7 days prior

81
Q

How many hours after ingestion should lithium be measured?

A

12 hours

82
Q

Lithium monitoring?

A

Lithium level weekly until stable then 3 monthly
U+Es and TFTs 6 monthly

PassMed facts (18 decks)

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