Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What should you prescribe with quinine in malaria ?

A

Dextrose solution ( quinine is known to causes hypoglycaemia)

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2
Q

Management of salmonella (typhoid)?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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3
Q

Management of travellers diarrhoea?

A

Clarithromycin

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4
Q

Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

A

E. Coli

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5
Q

3 causes of bloody diarrhoea?

A

ACS
Amoebiosis
Campylobacter
Shigella

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6
Q

CD4 count at which pneumocystis jirovecii usually occurs?

A

< 200

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7
Q

Typhoid symptoms?

A

Rose spots, bradycardia, splenomegaly, constipation/diarrhoea

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8
Q

What will stain positive in Acid Fast Bacilli smear?

A

All mycobacterium (not specific to TB)

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9
Q

Presentation and CXR of pneumocystis jiroveci?

A

Desaturation on extertion
Normal CXR

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10
Q

Features of amoebic dysentry?

A

Profuse bloody diarrhoea

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11
Q

Amoebic liver abscess features and findings?

A

Usually single mass in R lobe
Contents are described as “anchovy sauce”
Fever and RUQ pain

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12
Q

Amoebiasis?

A

Caused by entamoeba histolytica (protozoan)
Spread by feacal oral route

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13
Q

Management of amebic dysentry?

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

Stool microscopy in amoebic dysentry?

A

May show Trophozoites if examined within 15 minutes and kept warm (‘hot stool’)

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15
Q

Management of invasive amoebiasis?

A

Metronidazole and luminal amoebiocide to eradicate cystic stage which is resistant to metronidazole

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16
Q

Most commonly isolated organism from animal bite?

A

Pasteurella multocida (but often polymicrobial)

17
Q

Management of animal bite?

A

Co-amoxiclav
If penicillin allergic: Metronidazole and doxycycline

18
Q

Campylobacter features?

A

Prodrome: headache, malaise
Diarrhoea: often bloody
Abdo pain: appendicitis mimic

19
Q

Management of campylobacter?

A

Usually self-limiting
Tx if severe or immunocompromised
First line: clarithromycin

20
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis in HIV?

A

4 weeks
Starting within 72 hours

21
Q

Diagnosis: HIV with neuro symptoms, multiple brain lesions with ring enhancement?

A

Toxoplasmosis

22
Q

What test should all patients with TB be offered?

A

HIV (TB is classed as an AIDS-defining illness)

23
Q

Positive antibody following previous Hep B immunisation?

A

Positive surface antibodies

24
Q

Presentation of cholera?

A

Profuse watery diarrhoea
Hypoglycaemia

25
Q

How is diagnosis of Lymes disease made?

A

Antibody titres for Borrelia burgdorferi

26
Q

What is antibodies titres for streptolysin O and investigation for?

A

Group A strep

27
Q

Features of early leptospirosis?

A

Bacteraemia lasting 1 week
May be mild/subclinical
Fever, flu-like symptoms
Subconjunctival haemorrhage

28
Q

Features of second/immune phase (Weil’s disease)?

A

AKI
Hepatitis
Aseptic meningitis

29
Q

Management of meningococcal septicaemia - what should you not give?

A

Dexamethasone

30
Q

Most common cause of diarrhoea in HIV?

A

Cryptosporidium

31
Q

Management of injury if 5 doses of tetanus and <10 years since last dose?

A

No requirement of immunoglobulin or immunisation

32
Q

Management of injury if 5 doses of tetanus vaccine and >10 years since last vaccine?

A

Reinforcing dose of vaccine and if high risk, immunoglobulin

33
Q

Warning signs in dengue fever?

A

Abdominal pain
Hepatomegaly
Vomiting (persistent)
Clinical fluid accumulation

34
Q

Dengue fever symptoms?

A

Fever
Headache (retro orbital)
Bone pain
Myalgia
Pleuritic pain
Facial flushing
Maculopapular rash
Petichaie

35
Q

Diagnosis of dengue fever?

A

Serology
NAAT
NSI antigen test