Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What should you prescribe with quinine in malaria ?
Dextrose solution ( quinine is known to causes hypoglycaemia)
Management of salmonella (typhoid)?
Ciprofloxacin
Management of travellers diarrhoea?
Clarithromycin
Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?
E. Coli
3 causes of bloody diarrhoea?
ACS
Amoebiosis
Campylobacter
Shigella
CD4 count at which pneumocystis jirovecii usually occurs?
< 200
Typhoid symptoms?
Rose spots, bradycardia, splenomegaly, constipation/diarrhoea
What will stain positive in Acid Fast Bacilli smear?
All mycobacterium (not specific to TB)
Presentation and CXR of pneumocystis jiroveci?
Desaturation on extertion
Normal CXR
Features of amoebic dysentry?
Profuse bloody diarrhoea
Amoebic liver abscess features and findings?
Usually single mass in R lobe
Contents are described as “anchovy sauce”
Fever and RUQ pain
Amoebiasis?
Caused by entamoeba histolytica (protozoan)
Spread by feacal oral route
Management of amebic dysentry?
Metronidazole
Stool microscopy in amoebic dysentry?
May show Trophozoites if examined within 15 minutes and kept warm (‘hot stool’)
Management of invasive amoebiasis?
Metronidazole and luminal amoebiocide to eradicate cystic stage which is resistant to metronidazole
Most commonly isolated organism from animal bite?
Pasteurella multocida (but often polymicrobial)
Management of animal bite?
Co-amoxiclav
If penicillin allergic: Metronidazole and doxycycline
Campylobacter features?
Prodrome: headache, malaise
Diarrhoea: often bloody
Abdo pain: appendicitis mimic
Management of campylobacter?
Usually self-limiting
Tx if severe or immunocompromised
First line: clarithromycin
Post exposure prophylaxis in HIV?
4 weeks
Starting within 72 hours
Diagnosis: HIV with neuro symptoms, multiple brain lesions with ring enhancement?
Toxoplasmosis
What test should all patients with TB be offered?
HIV (TB is classed as an AIDS-defining illness)
Positive antibody following previous Hep B immunisation?
Positive surface antibodies
Presentation of cholera?
Profuse watery diarrhoea
Hypoglycaemia
How is diagnosis of Lymes disease made?
Antibody titres for Borrelia burgdorferi
What is antibodies titres for streptolysin O and investigation for?
Group A strep
Features of early leptospirosis?
Bacteraemia lasting 1 week
May be mild/subclinical
Fever, flu-like symptoms
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Features of second/immune phase (Weil’s disease)?
AKI
Hepatitis
Aseptic meningitis
Management of meningococcal septicaemia - what should you not give?
Dexamethasone
Most common cause of diarrhoea in HIV?
Cryptosporidium
Management of injury if 5 doses of tetanus and <10 years since last dose?
No requirement of immunoglobulin or immunisation
Management of injury if 5 doses of tetanus vaccine and >10 years since last vaccine?
Reinforcing dose of vaccine and if high risk, immunoglobulin
Warning signs in dengue fever?
Abdominal pain
Hepatomegaly
Vomiting (persistent)
Clinical fluid accumulation
Dengue fever symptoms?
Fever
Headache (retro orbital)
Bone pain
Myalgia
Pleuritic pain
Facial flushing
Maculopapular rash
Petichaie
Diagnosis of dengue fever?
Serology
NAAT
NSI antigen test
