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Y3 Clinical Case Revision > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

Gas gangrene pathogen

A

Clostridium perfringens

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2
Q

intracapsular fracture grading system name

A

Garden Classification

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3
Q

Garden Classification breakdown

A

I incomplete #
II complete #, non-displacement
III complete #, partial displacement
III complete #, full displacement

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4
Q

Garden Classification and treatment indication

A 
I & II = ORIF + cannulated screws
III & IV = 
younger <55: ORIF + cannulated screws 
75-55: THR 
>75: hemiarthroplasty
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5
Q

extra capsular NOF management

A

ORIF with DHS

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6
Q

female athletic triad

A

osteoporosis
eating disorders
amenorrhoea
> stress fractures

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7
Q

ulnar nerve injury presentation

A

claw hand
weakness in abduction / adduction of fingers
sensory loss over 5th digit

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8
Q

ulnar paradox

A

greater clawing of hand in ulnar nerve injury at wrist compared to elbow (higher injuries > injury of flexor digitorum profundus)

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9
Q

radial nerve injury presentation

A

wrist drop ie. loss of extension of wrist, fingers and thumb

weakness over 1st dorsal interosseous muscle

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10
Q

cauda equina muscular weakness presentation

A

foot drop

loss of perianal reflex

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11
Q

fat embolism presentation

A

TRIAD
hypoxaemia
petechial rash
neurological changes (confusion)

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12
Q

Cozen’s test

A

flex wrist to 90 degrees, make fist, deviate forearm to radial side => pain over lat epicondyle
ie. pain during resisted extension of wrist
= sign of tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)

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13
Q

Abx that can cause Achilles tendonitits / tendon rupture

A

ciprofloxacin

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14
Q

Osteoporosis diagnostic / cut off T score

A

-2.5

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15
Q

osteoporosis screening investigations

A

Calcium, PTH, vit D, bone turnover markers, TFTs, LFTs
urine electrophoresis
plasma electrophoresis

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16
Q

first line treatment of osteoporosis

A

alendronic acid
calcium
vitamin d supplements

17
Q

osteoporosis treatment with swallowing difficulty

A

Denosumab

18
Q

most common causes of osteolytic bone mets in an adult

A 
lung 
breast
thyroid
kideny
colon
19
Q

most common causes of osteoblastic mets in an adult

A

prostate

breast

20
Q

primary malignancies that result in mixed bone mets

A

breast
prostate
lymphoma

21
Q

Myeloma presentation on XRay

A

lytic destructive bony lesions

22
Q

what muscle is most likely affected in radial shaft fractures

A

brachioradialis ie. elbow flexion
due to innervation of radial n.
(close to diaphysis of radius - common site of #)

23
Q

most likely # after throwing a punch

A

5th metacarpal neck

“boxers punch”

24
Q

nerve likely affected following tibial shaft #

A

sural n.
= prov innervation to posterolateral middle 1/3 of leg and lateral foot

deep peroneal n.
= prov innervation to 1st and 2nd toes

25
Q

Achilles tendon rupture causes

A

sports (running)

freq use of floroquinolones eg. ciprofloxacin

26
Q

What is the Nottingham Fracture Score and what does it quantify?

A

score quantifying the % 30 day mortality of patients admitted with a hip fracture

age (<66 = 0, 66-85 = 3, >85 = 4)
sex M = 1
admission Hb < 9 = 1
admission MMTS < 6/10 = 1
institution living YES = 1
co-morbidities >1 = 1
active malignancy in past 20 years YES = 1
27
Q

Open fracture classification

A

Gustillo Anderson Classification

28
Q

Gustillo Type I

A

< 1cm open fracture + clean

29
Q

Gustillo Type II

A

1-10cm open fracture + clean

30
Q

Gustillo Type III A

A 
> 10cm open fracture
high energy impact
extensive soft tissue damage BUT with adequate tissue for flap coverage
no NV impairment 
farm injuries
31
Q

Gustillo Type III B

A

> 10cm open fracture
extensive periosteal stripping
req. soft tissue coverage

32
Q

Gustillo Type III C

A

> 10cm open fracture
vascular injury
req. urgent vascular repair regardless of observed soft tissue damage

Y3 Clinical Case Revision (17 decks)

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